3 Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

capsule vs capsid

A

capsule- bacteria
capsid- virus

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2
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes during interphase

A

Replication

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3
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes during prophase

A

-condense and become visible, spindle fibres develop.

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4
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes during metaphase

A

Line up down the middle pairs, spindle fibres attach to the centromeres.

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5
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes during anaphase

A

centromeres divide in 2, sister chromatids are pulled apart. They move to opposite poles of the cell.

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6
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes during telophase

A

They reach their poles and become invisible again, ready for the cell to divide in cytokinesis.

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7
Q

Mitosis outcome

A

creates two genetically identical daughter cells

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8
Q

What are the two stages of binary fission

A

-replication of circular DNA nd plasmids
-division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells

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9
Q

HIV replication

A

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell?

A

nucleus-containing membrane bound cell

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12
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell?

A

nucleus-containing membrane bound cell

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13
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?

A

ATP production through respiration

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14
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein synthesis

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15
Q

what is the function of lysosomes?

A

intracellular digestion and waste removal

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16
Q

explain the role of the golgi body

A

protein modification and sorting

17
Q

what are the functions of an endoplasmic reticulum?

A

protein and lipid synthesis

18
Q

describe the structure of chloroplasts

A

double membrane
chlorophyll-containing organelles

19
Q

what defines a prokaryotic cell?

A

lack of nucleus and membrane bound organelles

20
Q

name a common prokaryotic organism.

21
Q

describe the structure of prokaryotic DNA

A

circular, naked DNA molecule

22
Q

what is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotes?

A

protein synthesis

23
Q

what method do prokaryotes reproduce through?

A

binary fission

24
Q

what distinguishes viruses from cells?

A

acellular, require host for replication

25
what is the structure of a virus?
nucleic acid surround by a protein
26
how do viruses infect cells?
attachment, entry, replication, release
27
what is the role of a capsid?
it is a protein coat surrounding genetic material
28
what is cell fractionation?
separation of cell components (organelles)
29
describe the purpose of homogenisation
breaks cells up to release organelles
30
explain the role of a centrifuge
spins samples at high speeds
31
what is the supernatant?
liquid above sediment after centrifugation
32
how is differential centrifugation performed?
repeated spins at different speeds
33
define ‘ultracentrifugation’