2 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Draw the structure of a nucleotide, what are the components in it?

Answer 1

Phosphate, pentose sugar, organic base

Question 2

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 2

DNA- without the oxygen (sugar is deoxyribose
RNA- with oxygen (ribose sugar)

Question 3

What are the bases called?

Answer 3

DNA - Adenine, thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
RNA- Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine

Question 4

Describe the structure of DNA.

Answer 4

Made upon two strands that are help together by hydrogen bonds formed between complimentary base pairs. These are twisted into a double helix shape. Phosphodiester bonds hold together the nucleotides.

Question 5

Describe the process of transcription

Answer 5

-Takes place in the nucleus.
-An enzyme unwinds the strands of DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs.
-One o the strands is a template strand, free RNA nucleotides are attracted to their complimentary base pairs and form hydrogen bonds together.
-RNA polymerase Cretes these hydrogen bonds, mRNA is formed and spliced.
-It leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore and searches for a ribosome.

Question 6

Describe the process of translation

Answer 6

-Takes place in the ribosome
-The mRNA associates with a ribosome
-Each tRNA is specific to an amino acid, the anticodon on it binds to the codon on the mRNA. 2 amino acids form a peptide bond through a condensation reaction.
-process repeats until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA, meaning the full polypeptide hs been formed.
-Polypeptide leaves ribosome and will form a tertiary structure/ associate with another polypeptide.

Question 7

Describe the process of semi-conservative replication

Answer 7

-DNA helices breaks hydrogen bonds that link the base pairs of DNA.
-As a result, the double helix is separated into two strands.
-Each strand then acts as a template and free DNA nucleotides are attracted to their complimentary base pairs and are joined together in a condensation reaction by DNA polymerase.
The strands are wound back together.

Question 8

Watson-Crick model of DNA replication

Question 9

Draw ATP, What are its components?

Answer 9

Adenine- organic base
ribose- 5 carbon ring structure sugar
phosphates- a chain of three phosphate groups

Question 10

Give the equation for the hydrolysis/synthesis of ATP

Answer 10

ATP + h20 = ADP + Pi + E
adenosine triphosphate + water = adenine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy