2 Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Draw the structure of a nucleotide, what are the components in it?
Phosphate, pentose sugar, organic base
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
DNA- without the oxygen (sugar is deoxyribose
RNA- with oxygen (ribose sugar)
What are the bases called?
DNA - Adenine, thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
RNA- Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
Describe the structure of DNA.
Made upon two strands that are help together by hydrogen bonds formed between complimentary base pairs. These are twisted into a double helix shape. Phosphodiester bonds hold together the nucleotides.
Describe the process of transcription
-Takes place in the nucleus.
-An enzyme unwinds the strands of DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs.
-One o the strands is a template strand, free RNA nucleotides are attracted to their complimentary base pairs and form hydrogen bonds together.
-RNA polymerase Cretes these hydrogen bonds, mRNA is formed and spliced.
-It leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore and searches for a ribosome.
Describe the process of translation
-Takes place in the ribosome
-The mRNA associates with a ribosome
-Each tRNA is specific to an amino acid, the anticodon on it binds to the codon on the mRNA. 2 amino acids form a peptide bond through a condensation reaction.
-process repeats until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA, meaning the full polypeptide hs been formed.
-Polypeptide leaves ribosome and will form a tertiary structure/ associate with another polypeptide.
Describe the process of semi-conservative replication
-DNA helices breaks hydrogen bonds that link the base pairs of DNA.
-As a result, the double helix is separated into two strands.
-Each strand then acts as a template and free DNA nucleotides are attracted to their complimentary base pairs and are joined together in a condensation reaction by DNA polymerase.
The strands are wound back together.
Watson-Crick model of DNA replication
Draw ATP, What are its components?
Adenine- organic base
ribose- 5 carbon ring structure sugar
phosphates- a chain of three phosphate groups
Give the equation for the hydrolysis/synthesis of ATP
ATP + h20 = ADP + Pi + E
adenosine triphosphate + water = adenine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the four DNA bases and RNA bases?
DNA: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
RNA: adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
describe DNA structure
double helix with a sugar phosphate backbone
what is the function of DNA in cells
stores genetic information
define transcription
DNA to mRNA conversion
what is the function of RNA
protein synthesis messenger
name three types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
describe the structure of RNA
single stranded nucleotide chain
define translation
mRNA to protein conversion
name the enzymes involved in DNA replication
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase
describe the semi conservation model?
parental strand separation
new synthesis
what are replication forks?
y shaped regions of replication
what are the roles of the enzymes in replication?
DNA polymerase: builds new DNA strands
DNA helicase: unwinds the DNA double helix
