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psych 1200 lecture 8 > 8 D > Flashcards

8 D Flashcards

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0
Q

Types of personality disorders: narcissistic personality dissorder

A
  • this is someone who thinks that they are the greates being alive
  • everything that happens is irrelevant unless it is about them
  • they need to be the centre of attention at all times
  • they think that they dont need to give back to people
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1
Q

personality dissorders

A
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2
Q

Types of personality disorders: borderline personality dissorder

A
  • people who are very emotionally volatile
  • act as though they are completely controlled by moment to moment changes in the environment
  • they have complete lack of self control
  • they are big risk takers and arent good with money
  • they are wildly emotional
  • it is like they have no concept of past or future, only present (if you are in a fight with that person then you are the worst person, but if you are having a good time then you are the best, and this can all occur in an hour)
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3
Q

Types of personality disorders: antisocial personality dissorder

A
  • main featue is a complete lack of conscience or remorse for wrong doing
  • they feel no guilt or empathy
  • aka morally insane or psychopaths
  • about 3% of males and 1% of females it is about 50% of crimes in the US
  • does not always need violence
  • although these people are very bad, they are often very likeable and intelligent ( so they can be really clever and remorseless: serial killers)
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4
Q

diagnosing anitsocial-personality dissorder

A

must have 3 of 7 symptoms since childhood

  1. repeatedly break the law
  2. chronic lying and duping of others
  3. fail to appreciate consequences of actions
  4. repeated involvment in physical violence
  5. complete dissregard for safetey of self or others
  6. consistent failure to meet obligations
  7. lack of empathy and remorse for causing harm to others
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5
Q

Causes of antisocial personality disorder: biological causes

A
  • the nervous system of people with APD does not produce the same arousal as normal people (threat of punishment does not motivate these people )
  • genetics: they may have a dysfunctional prefrontal cortex (the area important for controlling impulses)
  • brain damage: violent people with APD are more likely to have experienced extreme physical abuse as a kid
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6
Q

Causes of antisocial personality dissorder: vulnerability-stress model

A

-basically their biology predisposes them to the dissorder
-then they have an experience such as neglect as a child
basically (biology+experience)

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7
Q

substance abuse

A

chronic drug use in large quantities that is a risk to a person’s health and impairs their level of functioning

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8
Q

theories of substance abuse: biological

A

caused by genetic predisposition

  • brain chemistry, body make-up, etc.
  • any evidence for this is quite weak
  • the stronger influence is relationship to other aspects of personality such as impulse control
  • so genetics might contribute cause the effects of drugs are different for different people (depends on the concentration of dopamine for alcohol)
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9
Q

theories of substance abuse: the tissue need theory

A

heavy drug use may actually cause the drug addiction

  • heavy drinker may actually alter brain, so that they always want more alcohol, and need more to feel normal
  • the problem with this theory and the idea that biology is the only cause of addiction is that some drugs can be abandoned without withdrawal, some people have no withdrawal but still be addicted
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10
Q

substance abuse and culture

A

rates of alcohol abuse are higher when kids arent allowed to drink, but endorses it in adults (cause they go nuts as soon as they are allowed to)
-it is lower when kids are gradually introduced in a family setting, and getting drunk is seen as bad (they are more responsible about it)

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11
Q

Substance abuse and society

A

rates of drug abuse are higher when society enforces complete abstinence

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12
Q

non-biological cause of addiction

A

merely taking drugs doesnt necessarily cause addiction

  • the majority of people that do drugs dont get addicted
  • most likely to cause addiction when it is used as a coping mechanism for basically anything (this is sometime s s the most important)
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13
Q

behaviour without awareness

A
  • this is actually pretty common (like driving and such)

- it is a more automatic process (reading)

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14
Q

dissociative identity dissorder (or multiple personality dissorder)

A
  • more dramatic than automatic behaviours
  • their consciousness for long periods of time gets split based on the idea of different identities
  • some people report over 100 diff. personalities
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15
Q

MPD: the contraversy: it is real

A
  • the existence of MPD is controversial
  • some believe that there is more than we think and that it is the result of childhood trauma, they say that it is how they cope and are able to cut off painful memories (people that thought this were people that thought regular events were painful and they would try to see the persons other personality through hypnosis and then they could cope…)
16
Q

MPD: the contraversy: it is not real

A
  • some psychologist say that through hypnosis they may actually be creating other personalities and behave accordingly
  • before 1980 MPD was very rare, since then, thousands of cases have been diagnosed
  • the ways to see if there is MPD requires many hours of intense pressure by a therapist in an attempt to force the personalities to come forward (so is this generating MPD, or is it actually helping?)
17
Q

the sociocognitive explanation of MPD

A

gives the idea that it isnt real, but is somethign that psychologists created (good for the media, good money, etc.)

  • it became that the person may feel the need to generate these personalities to meet the therapist’s expectations
  • if you were told that you were abused but you dont remember it, then he tells you that you have MPD
  • then there is hypnosis and lots of pressure (basically the thearapist just makes you have MPD)
18
Q

why does thearapy create MPD?

A
  1. people come looking for an explaination
  2. hypnosis is a good way to get people to remember experiences that never happened
  3. trust that the therapist knows what they are doing and that may lead the client to behave in ways that the therapist expects
    once people start behaving with MPD it is easy for them to believe it
19
Q

schizophrenia

A

not a split into different personalitites

  • itis words that are split from meaning, and actions are split from motives
  • major component is psychosis (problem where there are distorted perceptions of reality, with consequences on a person’s ability to function)
20
Q

schizophrenia: posotive symptoms

A
  • bizare delusions (they are jesus, they are prime minister, they think that the gov is traking them, etc.)
  • hallucinations and distorted sensations (hearing voices, witnessing strange visual events that aren’t actually happening, etc.)
  • dissorganized incoherent speech (real funky sentances)
  • dissorganized and innapropriate behaviour: can be childish, hostile, pee in public, etc. (is most obvious when ppl have complete disregard for social norms)
21
Q

schizophrenia: negative symptoms

A

these are symptoms that involve a loss of normal abilities

  • loss of motivation: catatonic stupor (days of literally no movement at all)
  • poverty of speech: minimal verbal responses in conversation b\c of diminished cognitive abilities, so like one word or less
  • emotional flatness: no facial expression, monotone voice
22
Q

schizophrenia: symptoms (in general)

A

people can have what is called positive or negative symptoms, they can have one or the other, or they can have both

  • the symptoms are simultaneous, they often vary in which are dominant
  • people usually develop it at around university age
23
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A

genetic factors are likely (there is lots of evidence to back this up)
-non genetic factors: pre-birth and during birth brain damage increase the chance (malnutrition, lack of oxygen, birthing difficulties, etc.)

24
Q

dopamine and schizophrenia

A
  • dopamine system in the brain are most effected by the pre-birth and during birth brain injuries, however it isnt just the neurotransmitters that influence schizophrenia (they influence things other than schizophrenia too)
  • it is more of the concentration of dopamine in the synapses that is related to schizo.
  • people with schizo. have more activity with the dopamine synapses causing the brain areas that rely on it to be more sensitive to its presence
  • so what they think it is is too much dopamine and too much sensativity to dopamine, and all this dopamine may come from brain damage pre-birth and during birth
25
Q

ventricles and schizophrenia

A

some people say that it is actually enlarged ventricles
-it seems that they are enlarged in people with schizo. which may affect other parts of the brain and have a role to play in symptoms of schizo.

26
Q

neurodevelopmental hypothesis and schizo.

A

starts with soemthing that leads to disruption of normal maturational processes during or before birth

  • then to subtle neurological damage
  • which either leads to minor physical anomolies, and/or…
  • increased vulnerabilities to schizo.
27
Q

why does schizo. show up in adolescence?

A

cause it is a time to prune away the parts of the brain that arent needed anymore
-your brain my prune too much

28
Q

a stress-vulnerability hypothesis for schizo.

A
  • idea is that it is a combo of biological predispositions, and environmental factors
  • things that cause stress now, and in their past, combined is stressful
  • then combine those and predisposed vulnerability to schizo.
  • this all leads to the emergence of schizo. in a person

psych 1200 lecture 8 (6 decks)

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