8: Care of pt's with cancer

Question 1

normal cells die when damaged or diseased by undergoing a process called

Answer 1

apoptosis

Question 2

abnormal replication of cells results in a new growth of a benign or cancerous tissue or tumor

Answer 2

neoplasm

Question 3

normal gene involved in cell growth and reproduction that becomes mutated and predisposes the cell to becoming cancerous

Answer 3

oncogene

Question 4

common carcinogens categories

Answer 4

chemical, radiation, viruses, infectious agents, exogenous hormones, radon gas

Question 5

what puts a person at risk for cancer

Answer 5

intrinsic factors (age, sex, race), dietary factors (obesity), disease factors (diabetes), smoke, drink, occupational hazards

Question 6

TNM staging

Answer 6

T- primary tumor
N- regional nodes
M- metastasis
number written beside each letter indicates how much the malignancy has spread and attacked other tissues
ex: T1, N0, M0 = tumor is small and localized, no involvement of regional lymph nodes and no metastasis

Question 7

technique used to examine cells under a microscope to determine whether they are malignant or premalignant

Answer 7

cytology
ex: pap smear

Question 8

fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) used to find what

Answer 8

occult blood

Question 9

examples of diagnostic tests

Answer 9

biopsy, radiologic studies, endoscopy, lab tests

Question 10

antineoplastic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, and taxol cause

Answer 10

constipation

Question 11

-tumor lysis syndrome (including hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia)
-hypercalcemia
-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
-pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
-spinal cord compression
these are considered which type of emergency

Answer 11

oncologic