42, 43 Integumentary Flashcards
epidermis consists of which kind of epithelium, how does the epidermis receive nutrients
squamous
by diffusion from vessels in the underlying tissue
dermis (the corium),
-is thicker or thinner than the epidermis
-consists of what kind of ct
-contains (bv, n, hf, g, and n)
thicker
dense
blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, nails
-what glands secret sebum
-what are the functions
sebaceous
keep hair and skin soft, inhibit bacterial growth on surface of skin, helps prevent water loss
What happens to the skin as we age?
Reduced sebaceous gland activity causes what
These two combined reduce what kind of control and lead to which kind of problems
What decreases to turn hair color gray
Thins and becomes more transparent.
Causes dry skin that may itch
Reduce temperature control, may lead to intolerance of cold and susceptibility to heat exhaustion
Decreasing the number of melanocytes at the hair follicle
People with which shade of hair usually have skin that is oilier and less susceptible to drying and irritation
Dark hair
Severe nutritional deficiencies lead to this kind of problem in the skin
Dehydration causes loss of skin, turgor, and predisposes to what type of ulcer
Skin breakdown in the development of sores and ulcers
Pressure ulcers
Too much sun too quickly leads to b and p
Apply sunscreen how many minutes before sun exposure and reapply every how many hours
What hours are sunrays most hazardous
How many hours could it be before a sunburn becomes obvious?
Blistering and peeling
15-30
2
Between 10 AM and 2 PM
6 to 8
Risk factors for skin tears in older adults (10)
-Dry skin with dehydration
-Areas of ecchymosis
-Friction, sharing, or pressure from bed or chair
-impaired sensory perception
-impaired mobility
-taking multiple medications
-Prolonged use of corticosteroids
-Presence of renal disease, congestive heart failure, or stroke impairment
-Incorrect removal of adhesive dressing
-Rough handling will be in bathed dressed, transferred, or repositioned
The Payme-Martin Starr skin care, and international skin tear advisory panel classification system, identifying skin tears
Category, 1 through 3
Category 1- skin tear without tissue loss, edges can be realigned
Category 2- skin tear with partial tissue loss, edges cannot be realigned
Category 3- skin tear with complete tissue loss, epidermal flap is missing
Steps to care for a skin tear
-Cleanse with saline
-Allow area to air dry, or pat dry gently in carefully
-If skin tear flap has dried, remove it using scissors and sterile technique
-if flap is viable, roll back in place, use steri-strips to hold in place
Average days sutures stay in from excisional biopsy
10 days
What is a wood light
What’s it used for
Under Wood light fungal infections and erythrasma are
Special UV light
Diagnose fungal infections of scalp and chronic bacterial infection of skin folds
Fluorescent
Seborrheic keratoses common in which age group, how do they appear?
When skin of a darkly pigmented person is damaged, what might the scar tissue do, forming what
Older adults
wartlike, greasy lesions
Hypertrophy, forming a keloid
When assessing for melanoma check the ABCDs:
Asymmetric
Irregular border
Color change
Diameter change greater than 1/4”
What may be added to the rinsewater to neutralize soap of a patient with severe skin disease?
What’s the ratio?
Vinegar; 1 tablespoon of vinegar per quart of water
Instructions on open dressings
Must be changed repeatedly and never allowed to dry
Need to be re-moisten every 20 to 30 minutes with room temperature or warmer solution
A delayed allergic response involving cell mediated immunity, evident within a few hours or days after exposure to an antigen
S/S
Contact dermatitis
Erythema and swelling, pruritus an appearance of vascular lesions
Also called eczema
Complex activation process, involving mast cells, T lymphocytes, langerhans cells, monocytes, the cells that produce immunoglobulin EE, another inflammatory cells are release histamine, lymphokines and other inflammatory mediators
Seems to have a genetic, allergic association
Atopic dermatitis
Impairment in circulation, generally occurs on the legs as a result of Venus stasis in edema, and a scene in conjunction with varicosities, phlebitis, and vascular trauma
S/S erythema and pruritus occur first,
Been scaling development of petechiae, and hyperpigmentation
Stasis dermatitis
A common inflammation involving the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, your canals, nasal labial folds, axillae, chest and back. Regions appear as scaly, white or yellow or plaques with mild pruritus
Seborrheic dermatitis
Caution, patience with pruritus to avoid what in regards to temperature & bathing
Becoming hot, bathe in tepid water, and do not puncture vesicles, pat dry skin, not rub
Are typical age of pt with acne rosacea
How is acne rosacea characterize?
Between 30 and 50 years
Erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectases (dilation of capillaries, causing a small red or purple cluster, also known as spider veins), occurs on the face over the cheeks and bridge of nose
Isotrentinonin has been effective in controlling which kind of acne
This used to be under what name
Why was this name discontinued
Cystic acne, that has been resistant to other forms and treatment
Accutane
Black box warnings, G.I. concerns, birth defects, and increased rate of suicide
