Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med- Surg > 4, 5, 7 > Flashcards

4, 5, 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Measurement of inhaled and exhaled carbon dioxide

A

Capnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inflamation and consolidation in the lungs

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Slowing of flow

A

Stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood clot and inflammation of a vessel

A

Thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A thrombus or clot that travels and lodges elsewhere in the body

A

Embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

M- h- is it a rare complication of general anesthetic agents: halothane, isoflurane, enflurane & succinylcholine. The biochemical reaction and genetically predisposed people.
Signs and symptoms-
A late sign is -
What is the drug of choice to treat the condition?

A

-Malignant hyperthermia
-High temperature, cardiac dysrhythmia, rigidity of the jaw or other muscles, hypotension, tachypena, and dark-cola colored urine.
-A late sign is an extremely high temperature of up to 111.2
-Dantrolene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

medications such as NSAIDs, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids; what do these relive

A

adjuvant; neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

associated with pain stimuli from either somatic (body tissue) or visceral (organ) structures

A

nociceptive pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

point where pain is recieved

A

pain threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

length of time or the intensity of pain a person will endure before outwardly responding to it

A

pain tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physiologic structure: cutaneous or superficial: skin and subcutaneous tissues; Deep somatic: bone, muscle, blood vessels, connective tissue
Characteristics: sharp, burning, dull, aching, cramping
Sources of acute postoperative pain: incisional pain, pain at insertion sites of tubes and drains, wound complications, orthopedic procedures, skeletal muscle tissue
Sources of chronic pain syndromes: Bony metastases, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, peripheral vascular disease

A

Somatic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physiologic: organs and the linings of the body cavities
Characteristics: poorly localized; diffuse, deep cramping or splitting, sharp, stabbing
Sources of acute postop pain: chest tubes, abdominal tubes and drains, bladder distention or spasms, intestinal distention
Sources of chronic pain: pancreatitis, liver metastases, colitis, appendicitis

A

Visceral pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physiologic: peripheral and central nerve fibers, spinal cord, and central nervous system
Characteristics: poorly localized; shooting, burning, fiery, shocklike, sharp, painful, numbness
Sources of Acute postop pain: postmastectomy pain, nerve compression or injury caused by a surgical procedure
Sources of chronic pain: HIV-related pain, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, chemotherapy-induced neuropathies, multiple sclerosis

A

Neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transduction, Transmission, Perception, Modulation

A

Pain processes associated with nociceptive pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which pain process begins when tissue damage causes the release of substances that stimulate the nociceptors and initiate the sensation of pain

A

transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which pain process involves the movement of the pain sensation to the spinal cord

A

transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which pain process occurs when impulses reach the brain and the pain is recognized

A

perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which pain process occurs when neurons in the brain send signals back down the spinal cord by the release of neurotransmitter

A

modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Theoretical models of pain include: g_ c_ t_,

A

gate control theory

20
Q

-__ : removal or destruction of

A

-lysis

21
Q

-__: to furnish with an outlet

A

-ostomy

22
Q

-__: cutting into

A

-otomy

23
Q

-__: fixation, anchoring in place

A

-pexy

24
Q

What may be given before surgery to stimulate red blood cell production -E__ a__

A

Epoetin alfa

25
Q

H__, a bloodless surgical technique where several units of pt’s book are removed and replaced with crystalloids or colloids to expand vascular volume. This decreases blood viscosity, improves oxygen transport, and minimizes red blood cell loss if bleeding does occur

A

hemodilution

26
Q

This organ involved in synthesizing clotting factors, producing albumin, and metabolizing and detoxifying drugs

A

liver

27
Q

NSAIDs work by blocking _

A

the production of nociceptor triggers

28
Q

this drug class works by blocking the nociceptor triggers

A

NSAIDs

29
Q

when is Epoetin alfa given, and why
what might they avoid

A

before surgery to stimulate red blood cell production for a bloodless surgery
blood transfusion

30
Q

what types of drugs make pt more prone to excessive bleeding

A

aspirins, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, and anticoagulants

31
Q

corticosteroids reduce the body’s response to what
they delay what

A

infection and delay the healing process

32
Q

asians + atropen =

A

tachycardia

33
Q

type of surgery that procedural/conscious sedation (PSA- procedural sedation and analgesia) would be used

advantages

A

-surgery of short duration where unconsciousness isn’t wanted
-used in combination with local, spinal, or nerve blocks to enhance pt comfort

-rapid reversal
-pt unaware but can breath on their own
little n/v
amnesia of surgery

34
Q

neruologic assessment includes

A

loc
orientation
sensory and motor status
size, equality and reactivity of pupils

35
Q

Aldrete scoring system used to determine this

A

determine readiness of transfer out of PACU

36
Q

if any area of the lung remains atelectatic for more than 72 hours, what is likely to occur from retained secretions

A

hypostatic pneumonia

37
Q

if postop pt is in pain but it is to early for pain med, what should be the next step

A

check bladder for distention
comfort measures
distraction and imagery

38
Q

pts most at risk for dehiscence and evisceration

A

diabetic
obese
malnourished
dehydrated
have a malignancy
experienced multiple traumas to abdomen or have an infected wound

39
Q

what is the type of phantom pain

A

neuropathic

40
Q

four pain processes

A

transduction
transmission
perception
modulation

41
Q

somatic pain associated with pain stimuli from either _ or _ structures

A

somatic: the body
or
visceral: organ

42
Q

four pain processes:
conscious experience of pain

A

perception

43
Q

four pain processes:
neurons in brain send signals back down the spinal cord by release of neurotransmitters

A

modulation

44
Q

four pain processes:
action potential continues from
-site of injury to spinal cord
-spinal cord to brainstem and thalamus
-thalamus to cortex for processing

A

transmission

45
Q

four pain processes:
noxious stimuli cause cell damage with release of sensitizing chemicals:
-prostaglandins
-bradykinin
-serotonin
-substance P
-histamine
these substances activate nociceptors and lead to generation of action potential

A

trandsduction

46
Q

analgesics and opioids usually do not relieve which type of pain

A

neuropathic

47
Q

what typs of meds relieve neuropathic pain

A

adjuvant meds: NSAIDs, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids

Med- Surg (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions