#8 Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Hypotension

Answer 1

The elevation of systemic arterial BP resulting from increases in Cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both. Can be primary without a known cause or secondary, caused by an underlying disease.

Question 2

Risk factors for hypotension ?

Answer 2

Family history, being male, advancing age, high sodium intake, Diabetes, cigarette, heavy alcohol consumption

Question 3

Causes of hypotension

Answer 3

Hypothesis include (no real cause):
1.) Over activity of sympathetic NS
2.) over activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system
3.) sodium and water retention by the kidneys
4.) hormonal inhibition of sodium-potassium transport across cell walls
5.) complex reactions involving insulin resistance

Question 4

Name the blood pressure ranges (Normal, elevated, grade 1 hypo, grade 2 hypo, grade 3 hypo)

Answer 4

Normal 110-120 / 70-80
Elevated 120-140 / 80-90
Grade 1 140-160 / 90-100
Grade 2 160-180 / 100-110
Grade 3 >180 / >110

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of HYPO

Answer 5

Result from damage of organs and tissues outside the vascular system
Includes heart disease, renal disease, CNS system problems and musculoskeletal dysfunction.