8 - Cancer immunotherapy Flashcards
What hallmark does cancer immunotherapy address
Immune escape
What was the target of TGN412
CD28 on T-cells
What was the MOA of TGN412
Activates CD28 on T-cells
How is the T-cell response usually regulated
1) Initiation by antigen recognition
2) Balance between co-stimulatory and inhibitory signals
What is CTLA4
Cytotoxic lymphocyte associated antigen 4
Where is CTLA4 expressed
T-cells and binds to CD80 and CD86
What is the function of CTLA4
Counter balances CD28 co-stimulation during early phases of T-cell activation
What are the main inhibitors of CTLA4
ipilimumab and tremelimumab
What is the function of PD1
Expressed on T-cell activation and thought to dampen the immune response
Where is PD1 expressed
T cells, NK cells, B cells, dendritic cells and activated monocytes
Where is PDL1/2 present
On APC but also tumour cells
What do tumour cells expressing PD-L1 have increased resistance to
T-cell mediated lysis and enhanced tumourigenesis
What are current PD-1 inhibitors (2)
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab
What antibody groups do nivolumab and pembrolizumab belong to
IgG4 subtype
What does IgG4 have low binding to
complement and FcR = Low ADCC and CDCC
