8 Flashcards
How are lipids transported in the body (4)
1) TG-rich lipoproteins are secreted by the intestine and liver
2) VLDL and chylomicrons convert to LDLs as TGs hydrolysed
3) LDLs transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues for storage
4) HDLs transport cholesterol from muscle and adipose tissue to liver for bile acid synthesis
What is usually used as a predictor for cholesterol health
TC:HDL ratio
What fats should have a reduced intake
Saturated and unsaturated
What fats should have have an increased intake
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ALA
What are some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (5)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Fluvastatin (Lescol) Pravastatin (Pravachol) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Simvastatin (Zocor)
What does HMG CoA reductase mediate
HMG CoA to mevalonate
What are two main actions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Increase in LDL receptors on hepatocytes in liver and uptake of LDL-C from blood
What are some ion exchange resins? (3)
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Colestipol
Colesevelam
How do ion exchange resins work
Bile salt sequestrants
Inhibit reabsorption of bile acids from the intestine
How does ezetimibe work
Inhibits intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol
Blocks transport protein Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 in brush border of small intestine
How does nicotinic acid work
Leads to reduction in circulating TGs and LDL and increase in HDL
What are two fibrates
Fenofibrate (Lipidil)
Gemfibrozil (Lipigem)
How do fibrates work
Reduce VLDL and TG levels by stimulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor type alpha nuclear receptors in the liver
How do CETP inhibitors dalcetrib and anacetrapib work
Inhibition of CETP, a plama protein that facilitates transfer of TGs and cholesterylesters between VLDL, LDL and HDLs
How does PCSK9 work
Promotes degradation of LDL-R by preventing recycling of LDL-R to cell membrane
