8: Anatomy - Breathing

Question 1

At which vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea?

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

At which vertebral level does the pharynx become the oesophagus?

Answer 2

C6

Question 3

At which area can the trachea be palpated?

Answer 3

Jugular notch

of the manubrium of the sternum

Question 4

What are the three parts of the chest cavity?

Answer 4

Mediastinum

Right pleural cavity

Left pleural cavity

Question 5

Which type of pleura sticks to the chest wall?

Answer 5

Parietal

Question 6

Which type of pleura sticks to the lungs?

Answer 6

Visceral pleura

Question 7

How many pairs of ribs are there in the thoracic skeleton?

Answer 7

12

Question 8

Name the pairs of ribs found in the thoracic skeleton.

Answer 8

True ribs 1-7

False ribs 8-10

Floating ribs 11-12

Question 9

At which rib level is the sternal angle found?

Answer 9

Rib 2

Question 10

What are four important muscles of breathing?

Answer 10

External intercostal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles

Innermost intercostal muscles

Diaphragm

Question 11

How many pairs of intercostal spaces are there?

Answer 11

11

(12 ribs)

Question 12

Which nerves innervate the intercostal spaces?

Answer 12

Intercostal nerves

Question 13

Which artery and vein supply and drain the anterior intercostal spaces?

Answer 13

Internal thoracic artery

Internal thoracic vein

Question 14

Which artery and vein supply and drain the posterior intercostal muscles?

Answer 14

Thoracic aorta

Azygous vein

Question 15

Where do the intercostal arteries branch from?

Answer 15

Thoracic aorta

Question 16

Which branches of the thoracic aorta supply the lung tissue with blood?

Answer 16

Bronchial arteries

Question 17

The diaphragm is a (smooth / skeletal) muscle with an unusual central ___.

Answer 17

skeletal

tendon

Question 18

Which spinal nerves supply the diaphragm?

Answer 18

C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive

Question 19

What are the phrenic nerves?

Answer 19

Nerves supplying the diaphragm

(C3,4,5)

Question 20

Where are the phrenic nerves found in relation to the heart?

Answer 20

Lateral borders

Question 21

Which muscle in the neck are the phrenic nerves found on?

Answer 21

Scalenus anterior

Question 22

What are the muscles of the anterolateral chest wall?

Answer 22

Pectoralis major

Deltoid

Serratus anterior

Latissimus dorsi

Question 23

Which muscle attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula and ribs 3-5?

Answer 23

Pectoralis minor

Question 24

Which part of the scapula does the pectoralis minor attach to?

Answer 24

Coracoid process

Question 25

What is the costophrenic angle also known as?

Answer 25

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 26

Which parts of the chest cavity can fill with fluid in a pleural effusion?

Answer 26

Costophrenic angles / Costodiaphragmatic recesses

Question 27

What structures are found in the lung hila?

Answer 27

1 main bronchus

1 pulmonary artery

2 pulmonary veins

Lymphatics

Visceral afferents

Autonomic nerves