8/20 Ch 2: Leadership Equation

Question 1

trait theory

Answer 1

focuses on qualities of the leader; assumes that distinctive physical/psychological characteristics account for leadership effectiveness

Question 2

behavior theory

Answer 2

focuses on leadership actions; Kurt Lewin trained assistants in behaviors indicative of 3 leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire

Question 3

important traits (3)

Answer 3

basic intelligence
clear, strong values
high level of personal energy

Question 4

ghiselli’s traits for effective leadership (6)

Answer 4

need for achievement
intelligence
decisiveness
self-confidence
initiative
supervisory ability

Question 5

autocratic style

Answer 5

tight control of group activities; decisions made by leader

Question 6

democratic style

Answer 6

emphasized group participation and majority rule
more beneficial than other 2 styles

Question 7

laissez-faire style

Answer 7

low levels of any activity by leader

Question 8

Kurt Lewin’s study emphasized…

Answer 8

impact of the behavior of the leader on the performance of followers

Question 9

Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire

Answer 9

• developed by Ralph Stogdill
• respondents described leader’s behaviors in 2 dimensions: initiating structure, consideration

Question 10

initiating structure

Answer 10

extent to which leaders take action to define the relationship b/w themselves and their staff
Task-Oriented

Question 11

consideration

Answer 11

extent to which leaders take action to develop trust, respect, support, and friendship w/ subordinates
Relationship-Oriented

Question 12

job-centered

Answer 12

synonymous w/ task-oriented initiating structure

Question 13

employee-centered

Answer 13

synonymous w/ relationship-oriented consideration

Question 14

managerial grid, and 5 major syles

Answer 14

1) real leader/fully functioning = high regard for production AND people

2) impoverished = low concern for prod./ppl.

3) sweatshop = high concern for production; low for ppl.

4) country club = high concern for ppl.; low for production

5) status quo = medium concern for both

Question 15

in recent years, 2 additional styles have been added to the managerial grid

Answer 15

paternalistic and opportunistic

Question 16

paternalistic

Answer 16

high concern for production + use of rewards in exchange for compliance/loyalty

Question 17

opportunistic

Answer 17

uses whichever style will best promote manager’s OWN advancement

Question 18

Margot Morrell documented Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance expedition + identified these 4 leadership visions…

Answer 18

leading by example
communicating a vision
keeping up morale
maintaining a positive attitude

Question 19

contingency theory

Answer 19

claims that the appropriate leadership qualities and actions vary from situation to situation

Question 20

leadership effectiveness depends on… (3)

Answer 20

the leader
followers
the situation

Question 21

situational factors include… (3)

Answer 21

job being performed
workplace culture
task’s urgency

Question 22

destructive results can occur from a toxic triangle of…

Answer 22

a leader w/ charisma, narcissism, ideology of hate
followers w/ bad values, unmet needs, ambition
situation of instability

Question 23

leaders with _______ have an extraordinary ability to inspire others and bring forth loyalty

Answer 23

charisma

Question 24

characteristics of charismatic leaders… (4)

Answer 24

dominant
ambitious
self-confident
strong sense of purpose

Question 25

behaviors of charismatic leaders (5)

Answer 25

role models for their beliefs/values
demonstrate ability that elicits respect
ideological goals w/ moral overtones
communicate high expectations w/ confidence
ignite the motives of followers

Question 26

charismatic leaders fall broadly into 3 areas…

Answer 26

power
achievement
affiliation

Question 27

transformational leadership

Answer 27

optimism, charm, intelligence

focus on potential relationship b/w leader and followers; engage the full person of the follower; tap followers’ motives

Question 28

transactional leader

Answer 28

focuses on exchange b/w leader and follower