8,18,25 Flashcards
Developer
Purpose of the developer is convert the exposed silver halide crystals into metallic silver grains ph is alkaline basic
What are two chemical in the developer
Metol/elon-builds up gray
Hydroquine-builds up black tones and contrast
Four functions in the developer
Developing agent
Preservative
Activator
Restrainer
Activator
Sodium carbonate
Restrainer
Potassium sulfite -keeps reducing agents from developing unexposed silver halide
Perservative
Sodium sulfite- prevent radio oxidation
5 steps to manual processing
Developing solution Rinsing Fixing Washing Drying
Developing solution temp and
68-70 degrees develop for 5 mins
Rinsing purpose
Remove alkaline developer before placing film in the fixer 30 seconds
Fixing purpose
Stops further development establishing
- removes unexposed underdeveloped silver crystals
- hardens the emulsion
Fixing agent
Ammonium thiosulfate - clears away unexposed silver halide
Acidifier
Acetic or sulfuric acid -stops development by neutralizing developer
Harder agent
Aluminum chloride or sulfide shrinks and hardens emulsion
Preservative
Sodium sulfite -maintains chemical balance
Darkroom
4ft away 15 watt bulb
Chemicals stirred and replenished daily
Manual chemical replenishment
Developer- 6oz added to am
Fixer- 3oz may need to remove some chemical
Automatic processing
Developer
Fixer
Wash
Temp and maintenance for automatic processing
For every 30- film 6-8 oz
Which term best describes the process by which the laten image visible Reticulation reduction activation preservation
B
Which of these is the correct processing sequence
Develop rinse fix wash dry
The basic constituents of the developer solution are
Reducing agent, activator, preservation restrainer
During which step of the processing procedure are the expose silver halide crystals reduced to metallic silver
Developing
Which ingredient remove the unexposed undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film emulsion
Sodium thiosulfate p
Which ingredient causes the emulsion to soften and swell
Activator
Which ingredient Hardens the emulsion
Potassium alum
Chemically the developer used in an automatic processor causes more _____ then developer to use for manual processing
Hardener
Each of the following should be considered when setting up an ideal darkroom except
Black walls
What to the following colors of the safe light filters is safer processing all films speeds
Red
What is the minimum safe distance to position the safe light above the work area in the darkroom
4ft
What is the The appearance of the radiographic image if they film is exposed to a Safelite to long
Fogged
Which of these is considered a disadvantage of manual processing over automatic processing
Time to long
A thermometer is used for Manual processing to determine the temperature of the
Devl solution
Each of the following is necessary and required for manual processing except
Film dryer
What is the ideal temperature for processing film manually
68
A film maybe safely exposed to WhiteLight for a wet reading
Fixing
It’s the following is true regarding rapid film processing except
Produces archival quality radiographs
Each of the following is an advantage of automatic processing of remaining processing except
Less maintenance
Which pricing method requires the most maintenance in the strictest adherence to regular replenishment and cleaning
Automatic
Flim processing
Is a series of steps that converts the invisible latent image on the dental x-Ray film into a visible permanent image called a radiograph
Periodontal disease
Are diseases that affect those soft tissues and bone around the bone loss
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gingiva in the mid to soft tissue no bone loss
Horizontal bone loss
Describes how I lost around adjacent teeth in the region
Vertical bone loss
And a vertical direction rather resorption of one tooth root sharing the interdental septum
Amalgam
Probably come toward crown margins
Calculus
Her name plaque appears slightly radiopaque
Occlusal trauma
Does not cause. Perio disease
Herring bone pattern
Film place in the mouth backwards and then exposed
What is the appropriate corrective action for a perispical radiograph of the maxillary molar region that’s not images third molar
Move the image receptor back further in the oral cavity
When using the bisecting technique which of these errors results from in inadequate vertical angulation
Elongation
Overlap teeth contact rendors a bitewing radiographs and diagnostic the overlap appears more severe and anterior region one correct action is needed
Shift the horizontal angulation toward the mesial
Which of these conditions results from a failure to direct the central ray tour the middle of the image receptor
Concut
Each of the following will result in radiographs that are too light except A) hot developer solution B)old expired film C) underexposed D) underdeveloped
A
It’s the final result in radiographs that are blank clear except
No exposure to x-ray
placing films in the mixer
extended time in warm water rinse accidental white light exposure
D
If. Two films become overlapped together because they were inserted into the automatic processor to quickly what is the result
Green film
Which of these indicates that a film is not properly wash
Film turns brown
Each of the following result and black artifacts and a radiograph except Sadistic electricity bent film glove powder fixer splash
D
Static electricity appears radio graphically as black thin lines starburst dots any of the above
D
It's the following is a cause of film fog except Exposure to scatter radiation use of old expired film double exposing the film chemical fumes contamination
C
