4-7

Question 1

Radiolucent

Answer 1

Refers to that portion of the image that is darker or black

Question 2

Radiopaque

Answer 2

Refers the portion of the image that is the light or white

Question 3

Density

Answer 3

Is the degree of darkness or image blackening radiographic image that appears late is said to have little density radiographic image that appears dark is said to be more dense

Question 4

Contrast

Answer 4

Refers to the many shades of gray that separate the dark and light areas

Question 5

Three basic requirements of an acceptable diagnostic radiograph

Answer 5

1. All parts of the structured reporting must be images closes their natural shapes and sizes as the patient’s oral and then we will permit (must look like what is in their mouth)
2. Area examined must be imaged completely, and with enough surrounding tissue to distinguish between the structures
3. The radiograph should be free of errors ensure proper density contrast and definition

Question 6

An image with high contrast as usual for the detection and progression of dental caries

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Image with high contrast is useful for detection of periodontal or periapical disease

Answer 7

F low contrast

Question 8

Short scale contrast

Answer 8

Called high contrast, very shades of gray and more black against white 60-70kvp. Great for diagnosing caries (tooth decay) less gray

Question 9

Long scale contrast

Answer 9

Called Low contrast, many shades of gray 8200 KV P. Great for diagnosing periodontal disease long low

Question 10

Direct theory

Answer 10

That cell damage results when ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas within the cell

Question 11

Indirect theory

Answer 11

States the cell damage results indirectly when x-Rays causes the formation of toxins in the cell such as hydrogen peroxide. Toxins in turn cause the cell damage X-ray photons absorbed by the body and form toxins

Question 12

Somatic cell

Answer 12

Any body cells except the reproductive cells

Question 13

Genetic cells

Answer 13

The cells contained within the testes and ovaries consisting the genes

Question 14

Alara concept

Answer 14

As las as reasonably achievable. Adopted as a culture and attitude by professionals who work with ionizing radiation to minimize radiation exposure and risks.

Question 15

Half value

Answer 15

Thickness of a specified material that, when introduced into the path of given beam of radiation, reduces the exposure rate by half

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

The use of absorbers for selectively absorbing or screening out low energy X-rays from the primary beam

Question 17

Added filtration

Answer 17

Added to the inherent filtration built into the x-Ray machine. In the form of thin disks of pure aluminum, which can be inserted between the x-Ray tube and the lead collimator when the inherent filtration is not sufficient to meet modern radiation safety requirements

Question 18

Total filtration

Answer 18

The combination of inherent and added filtration in an x-Ray machine. Many states require total filtration of 2.5 of aluminum equivalent for x-Ray machines operating at or above 70 kvp

Question 19

Variation in kilovoltage

Answer 19

Kilovoltage peak controls the quality of the X-ray beam and measure the peak voltage of the current
When voltage peak increase by 15 expose time should decrease by half
When kv decreased, exposure time should be doubled

Question 20

Radio sensitive cells

Answer 20

Cells that are easily harmed by the radiation rapid immature

Question 21

Radioresiatant

Answer 21

Mature cells that don’t divide much

Question 22

Put in order high sensitivity to low
A) Red blood cells, b)bone c) never d) muscles e) white f) brain cells g) epithelial h) immature I)connective j)endothelial

Answer 22

White
Red
Immature 
Epithelial 
Endothelial 
Connective 
Bone
Never 
Brain 
Muscle

Question 23

Latent period

Answer 23

Time between exposure to radiation and the first clinically observable symptoms ( hidden)

Question 24

Period of injury

Answer 24

Fallowing Karen period certain effects can be observed

Question 25

Recovery period

Answer 25

Following radiation exposure, some recovery can take place

Question 26

Erythema

Answer 26

Redness of the skin caused by hypermedia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin j jury, infection, or inflammation

Question 27

Film speed

Answer 27

The amount of radiation and exposure time needs to rod ice a diagnostic radio graph

Question 28

Maximum permissible dose

Answer 28

Does equivalent of ionizing radiation that is not expected to cause detectable body damage to average persons at any time during their lifetime

Question 29

Maximum accurate dose

Answer 29

Occupationally exposed workers must not exceed an accumulated lifetime radiation dose

Question 30

Base

Answer 30

Transparent base holds the emulsion and give its stiffness

Question 31

Emulsion

Answer 31

Silver halide crystals suspend in a gelatin matrix

Question 32

Gelatin

Answer 32

Keeps crystals spread out

Question 33

Protective layer

Answer 33

Thin transparent coating placed over the emulsion to protect the emulsion surface