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Question 1

is an essential component of health institutions. Its main task is to provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management of diseases.

Answer 1

Clinical Laboratory

Question 2

is the place where specimens (e.g., blood and other body fuids, tissues, feces, hair, nails) collected from individuals are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed.

Answer 2

Clinical Laboratory

Question 3

plays a very significant role in the performance of laboratory testing and ensuring the reliability of test results.

Answer 3

Medical Technologist/clinical laboratory scientist

Question 4

Classifications of clinical laboratories

Answer 4

Clinical Pathology, anatomic pathology

Question 5

is a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of clinical chemistry, immunohematology and blood banking, medical microbiology, immunology and serology, hematology, parasitology, clinical microscopy, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and endocrinology, among others.

Answer 5

Clinical pathology

Question 6

a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy, and forensic pathology among others.

Answer 6

Anatomic Pathology

Question 7

Institutional Characteristics

Answer 7

Institution based , free standing

Question 8

According to ownership

Answer 8

Government-owned , privately owned

Question 9

a clinical laboratory that operates within the premises or part
WAY of an institution such as a hospital, school, medical clinic, medical facility for overseas workers and seafarers, birthing home, psychiatric facility, drug rehabilitation center, and others.

Answer 9

Institution based

Question 10

clinical laboratory is not part of an established institution. The most common example is a free-standing out-patient clinical laboratory.

Answer 10

Free-standing

Question 11

clinical laboratories are owned, wholly or partially, by national or local government units.

Answer 11

Government owned

Question 12

clinical laboratories are owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization.

Answer 12

Privately owned

Question 13

Service capability

Answer 13

Primary category, secondary category, tertiary category,national reference laboratory

Question 14

are licensed to perform basic, routine laboratory testing, namely, routine urinalysis, routine stool examination, routine hematology or complete blood count that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and RBC count, WBC differential count and qualitative platelet count, blood typing, and Gram staining (if hospital-based).

Answer 14

Primary category

Question 15

licensed to perform laboratory tests being done by the primary category clinical laboratories along with routine clinical chemistry tests like blood glucose concentration, blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, blood creatinine, cholesterol determination, qualitative platelet count, and if hospital-based, Gram stain, KOH mount, and crossmatching.

Answer 15

Secondary Category

Question 16

are licensed to perform all the laboratory tests performed in the secondary category laboratory plus (1) immunology and serology (e.g., NS1-Ag for dengue, rapid plasma
reagin, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination tests); (2) microbiology,

Answer 16

Tertiary Category

Question 17

is a laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases.

Answer 17

National reference laboratory

Question 18

An act regulating the operation and maintenance of clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the department of health, providing penalty for the violation thereof, and for other purposes

Answer 18

Republic Act No 4688

Question 19

This section is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for the diagnosis of cortain diseases.

Answer 19

Clinical Chemistry

Question 20

This section is subdivided into four sections: bacteriology, mycobacteriology, mycology, virology.

Answer 20

Microbiology

Question 21

This section deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluids

Answer 21

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

Question 22

There are two major areas in this section of the laboratory. The first area is allotted to routine and other special examinations of urine such as macroscopic examinations to determine color, transparency, specific gravity, and pH level, and microscopic examinations to detect presence of abnormal cells and/or parasites as well as to quantify red cells and WBC and other chemicals found in urine.

Answer 22

Clinical microscopy

Question 23

Blood typing and compatibility testing are the two main activities performed in this section.

Answer 23

Bloodbank/immunohematology

Question 24

encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results.

Answer 24

Quality assurance in the clinical Laboratory

Question 25

Analyses of serum antibodies in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section.

Answer 25

Immunology and Serology

Question 26

Activities performed in this section include tissue removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy) processing, cutting into sections, staining, and preparation for microscopic examination by a pathologist.

Answer 26

Anatomic Pathology

Question 27

is a specialized section of the laboratory that combines anatomical, clinical, and biochemical techniques where antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) bounded to enzymes and fluorescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigens in tissue.

Answer 27

Immunohistochemistry

Question 28

One of the exciting developments in medical technology is molecular biology and biotechnology diagnostics.

Answer 28

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Question 29

The laboratory testing cycle encompasses all activities starting from a medical doctor writing a laboratory request up to the time called the turnaround time [TAT]) the results are generated and become useful information for the treatment and management of patients.
This cycle has three phases, namely, pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic.

Answer 29

Laboratory testing Cycle

Question 30

3 phases

Answer 30

Pre analytical, analytical, post analytical

Question 31

Quality assurance 2 major components

Answer 31

Internal Quality Assurance System, External Quality Assurance System