7d

Question 1

List the major characteristics that distinguish plants from other groups of organisms

Answer 1

Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants which is key for photosynthesis
Multicellular embryos
The plant embryo is attached and dependent for nutrients on its parent . (consider the seed coating)
Alternation generation
Embryonic growth which depends on the parents nutrients.

Question 2

List the major adaptations that have enabled plants to adapt successfully to life on land

Answer 2

Root or similar structures - allows water and nutrients to be absorbed from the soil
A waxy cuticle - water conservation as it prevents water evaporation from being lost
Pores called stomata - water conservation as stomata close what water is scarce.
Xylem and phloem - transports water and minerals efficiently
Lignin - stiffening substance that supports plants body
Sex cells - the sporophyte generation is becoming increasingly dominant.

Question 3

List the four major plant groups and key diffrences

Answer 3

Ferns: Vascular without seeds or pollen
Gymnosperm: Vascular, seed plants
Angiosperm: Vascular, seed plant with flower and fruit
Non-vascular: (liverworts, mosses)

Question 4

differences among plant groups respect to relative prominence of the sporophyte vs the gametophyte

Answer 4

Ferns: Sporophyte generation is dominant
Gymnosperm and Angiosperm: Gametophyte is barely visible, sporophyte dominant
Non-vascular: Spore produces gametophytes

Question 5

differences among plant groups respect to transfer of reproductive cells

Answer 5

Ferns: sperm swin through water to reach the egg
Gymnosperm: pollen lands, than poollen tube grows
Angiosperm: pollen lands, than poollen tube grows
Non-vascular: sperm swims through water to reach the cell

Question 6

differences among plant groups respect to early embryonic development

Answer 6

Ferns: After fertilisation Sporophyte form from egg
Gymnosperm: mitotic female division, thendevelopment of the gametophyte is through meiotic division. when the pollen tube meet the egg, then fetilisaion occurs, and the embroy grows in a seed.
Angiosperm: after pollination, a pollen tube begins to grow, only then does fertilization occur. in each ovule, a fertilized egg grows a embryo eclosed in a seed
Non-vascular: after fertilization a sporophyte develops and grows into the gametophyte

Question 7

differences among plant groups respect to presence of vascular tissues

Answer 7

Ferns,Gymnosperm, Angiosperm: Vascular
liverworts and mosses are nonvascular

Question 8

differences among plant groups respect to dispersal

Answer 8

Ferns: sperm swim in water
Gymnosperm: pollen is carried by wind
Angiosperm: pollen is carried by wind
Non-vascular: sperm swim in water

Question 9

List the three adaptations that have enabled flowering plants to become the planet’s predominant plant form

Answer 9

Flowers (attract pollinators)
Fruits (fosters seed dispersal by animals)
Broad leaves (efficient sunlight catching)

Question 10

List the vital roles that plants play in ecosystems

Answer 10

Harvesting energy
Gas exchanges
Carbon sequential
Build soil (organic matter)
Hold soil together (prevent erosion)
Retain moisture (prevent runoff)

Question 11

List the vital roles that plants play in human activities

Answer 11

Provide shelter, fuel, medicines and aesthetic value (for human)