7B. Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Meiosis 1

A

separates each homologous chromosome into 2 different cells

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2
Q

Meiosis 2

A

separates each sister chromatid into 4 different cells.

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3
Q

Crossing over is…

A

During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over

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4
Q

Independent assortment is…

A

During metaphase 1, homologous chromosomes are oriented randomly.

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5
Q

Independent assortment results in…

A

genetic diversity of daughter cells with 8.3 million possible combinations.

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6
Q

Recombinant chromosomes are

A

The result of homologous chromosomes swapping genetic information

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7
Q

Role of the gonads (sexual organs)

A

Create gametes through meiosis.

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8
Q

Meiosis creates…

A

Germline cells

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9
Q

Meiosis is…

A

production of haploid gametes from diploid cells, including process like crossing over and independent assortment for genetic diversity

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10
Q

When fertilisation occurs

A

sperm cell + egg cell = diploid zygote

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11
Q

Meiosis produces sperm and egg cells which are haploid (n) that contains

A

one copy of each chromosome

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12
Q

Interphase

A

Cells grow and duplicate each chromosome

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13
Q

Prophase

A

Nuclear membrane breaks down, chromosomes condense and spindle fibres form (crossing over occurs in Prophase 1)

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14
Q

Metaphase

A

Homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate of the cell. Chromosomes attach to microtubules (independent assortment occurs in Metaphase 1).

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15
Q

Anaphase

A

Homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids move apart to the opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes are still attached to the centromere.

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16
Q

Telophase

A

Each chromosome/chromatid arrives at opposite ends of the cell and a cleavage furrow forms so that they can chromosomes undergo cytokinesis. Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes decondense.