10C. Interactions between species Flashcards

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1
Q

Population size

A

total number of members in any given population

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2
Q

Carrying capacity

A

maximum population size that an environment can sustain

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3
Q

Things that affect population size

A

Immigration (arriving), Emigration (leaving), births and deaths

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4
Q

Population growth formula:

A

Future population = initial population + births – immigration + deaths – emigration

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5
Q

Greater disease prevalence within a population may lead to

A

an increase in deaths

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6
Q

Less resources available may cause

A

Emigration

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7
Q

Distribution of population can change due to

A

environmental factors like, temperature, rainfall, invasive species, and habitat loss

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8
Q

Population density

A

number of individuals in a population per unit area.

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9
Q

Density-independent

A

environmental factors that aren’t affected by population density. E.g. climate, natural disasters

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10
Q

Density-dependent

A

environmental factors that get stronger as population density increases. E.g. disease, predation, competition

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11
Q

Symbiosis

A

an interaction between two organisms of different species living in close proximity to each other.

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12
Q

Mutualism

A

(+/+)
BOTH species experience some overall benefit

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

(+/0)
One organism gains benefit while the other, neither benefit nor harmed

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14
Q

Predation

A

(+/-)
One organism hunts and kills another organism for food. Predator benefits from obtaining food. Prey is harmed as it’s food for the predator.

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15
Q

Parasitism

A

(+/-)
One organism obtains nutrients at the expense of a host organism

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16
Q

Amensalism

A

(0/-)
One organism experiences some negative effect, the other experiences neither a benefit nor negative effect

17
Q

Competition

A

(-/-)
2+ organisms competing for the same resources with no winners.

18
Q

Keystone species

A

species whose effects on an ecosystem are greater than expected relative to its population size

19
Q

Keystone species play a much larger role in maintaining

A

ecosystem structure and composition

20
Q

Apex predators

A

Control numbers of the prey and number of other organisms in an ecosystem

21
Q

Ecosystem engineers

A

Interact and significantly change the physical environment of their ecosystem

22
Q

Mutualism example

A

Algae living inside coral tissue. Algae provide glucose and oxygen for the coral and the coral gives the algae a safe place to live

23
Q

Commensalism example

A

A bird nesting in a tree, as the bird is benefiting for shelter while the tree is not affected.

24
Q

Predation example

A

Predator = lion; prey = zebra.

25
Q

Parasitism example

A

Ticks living in a host like possums.

26
Q

Amensalism example

A

Cows walking on grass, grass is affected

27
Q

Competition example

A

Weeds growing in a vegetable garden