10A. Adaptations for Hot Environments Flashcards

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1
Q

Biotic factors

A

is or once living. E.g., Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria.

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2
Q

Abiotic factors

A

non-living things. E.g., Water, soil, sunlight, air, temperature.

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3
Q

Animals have evolved a set of

A

structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations

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4
Q

Plants have evolved a set of

A

structural and physiological adaptations.

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5
Q

Tolerance range

A

range of environmental conditions in which organisms can survive

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6
Q

Structural adaptations

A

Body structures that allow an animal to find food, defend, and reproduce

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7
Q

Examples for structural adaptations for animals in desert

A

Insulation - Thin insulating layer for effective temperature regulation.

SA:V - High SA:V allows animals to change body temperature quickly. Low SA:V benefits an animal exposed to direct sunlight

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8
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

Occur within the body, organs and tissues of animal or plant. Sometimes hard to see.

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9
Q

Examples for physiological adaptations for animals in desert

A

Surface blood flow - Blood vessels near the skin dilate and hot blood releases heat into the environment, cooling the animal

Increase water input - Metabolic production of water during aerobic respiration

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10
Q

More examples for physiological adaptations for animals in desert

A

Metabolic heat - Ectotherms obtain heat from environment, so no energy is wasted

Decrease water output - Highly concentrated wastes, faeces have low water content

Evaporative cooling – Panting and sweating

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11
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

An action that aids in survival, under genetic control

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12
Q

Examples for behavioural adaptations for animals in desert

A

Evading extreme conditions - Seek shade, nocturnal

Enduring extreme conditions - Inactivity during heat, lick arms and water/mud baths

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13
Q

To survive in hot environments plants must

A
  1. Decrease heat intake
  2. Maximise water uptake
  3. Minimise water loss
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14
Q

Minimize water loss

A

Minimize stomata density by using sunken stomata that makes pockets of humid air

Leaves will fold or roll to maintain a humid environment

Guard cells become flaccid and cause the stomata to close

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15
Q

Maximise water uptake

A

Have extensive deep roots

Have horizontal root systems to absorb the maximum amount of surface water

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16
Q

Decrease heat intake for plants

A

Produce leaves of smaller surface area

Have lightly colored or reflective leaves

Vertical leaves to minimize the surface area exposed to the sun