7a Psychobiology of Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline transactional model of stress

A

Primary appraisal = interpretation of stressor (threat/no threat)
Secondary appraisal = analysis of available resources (sufficient/insufficient)
Insufficient resources to deal with perceived threat = stress
Coping (problem-focused vs. Emotion-focused)
Repraisal

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2
Q

What are the three stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome?

A

Stage 1: Alarm Reaction– shift to sympathetic dominance –increased arousal
Stage 2: Resistance – endocrine system produces ACTH to maintain the increased arousal
Stage 3: Exhaustion– adrenals lose their ability to function normally

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3
Q

Describe the psycho-psychological and behavioural pathways linking stress and disease.

A

Events cause stress
Stress leads to physiological changes and behavioural changes
These lead to disease

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4
Q

What effect does stress have on the immune system?

A

Immunosuppression

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5
Q

What is Type A behaviour?

A
  • Time urgency
  • Free-floating hostility
  • Hyper-aggressiveness
  • Focus on accomplishment
  • Competitive and goal-driven
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6
Q

What is the link between Type A behaviour and cardiovascular disease?

A

Increased risk of coronary heart disease
- Mechanism:
poor health behaviours –> increased physiological response to stressors –> endothelial dysfunction –> atherosclerosis

NOTE: the Western Collaborative Group Study confirmed this

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7
Q

Describe the relationship between social support/relationships and health.

A

Individuals with adequate social relationships have a 50% greater likelihood of survival compared to those with poor or insufficient social relationships
Social support exerts effects beyond the protective psychological role
High social support is associated with decreased mortality

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8
Q

What is a nocebo?

A

Detrimental effect on health produced by psychological or psychosomatic factors such as negative expectations of treatment or prognosis.

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9
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

An inactive substance can sometimes improve a patient’s condition simply because the patient has the expectation that it will be helpful

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