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Model Tests > 7.7.2013(major Model Test) 59 > Flashcards

7.7.2013(major Model Test) 59 Flashcards

0
Q

Organisms causing Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

A

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni

Balamuthia madrillaris

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1
Q

Brain eating amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri

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2
Q

Forms of Naegleria fowleri

A

Cyst
Amoeboid Trophozoite(growing and replicating)
Flagellate(infective)

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3
Q

Diff btw Naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba culbertsoni

A

acanthamoeba culbertsoni
Absence of flagellate form
Forms cyst in tissues

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4
Q

Which is more sensitive and specific?

Immunofluorescence or histopathology for diagnosis of PCP

A

Immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies

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5
Q

Forms of pneumocystis carinii

A

Trophozoite(difficult to detect but most abundant form)

Cyst(easy to detect)

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6
Q

Stains used to detect cysts of pneumocystis carinii

A

Methanamine silver
Calcoflour white
Immunofluorescence

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7
Q

Diagnosis of microsporidia

A

Demonstration of spores in stool

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8
Q

Parasites diagnosed by demonstrating oocysts in stool

A

Isospora belli
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora

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9
Q

Visceral larva migrans is caused by

A

Toxocara canis
Toxocara catis
Anisakis
Gnathostoma

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10
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by

A 
Creeping eruptions
  Loa loa
  Dirofilaria
  Gnathostomiasis
  Sparganosis
  Necator americanus
  Ancylostoma braziliens
  Ancylostoma caninum
Strongoloides stercoralis-larva currens
Creeping myiasis-flies of genus hypoderma and gastrophilus
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11
Q

Other name for cutaneous larva migrans

A

Creeping eruption

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12
Q

Most common hospital acquired infections

A
  1. UTI
  2. wound infections
  3. pneumonia
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13
Q

Staining of mycoplasma

A

Giemsa stain

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14
Q

Mycoplasma can be grown in media enriched with

A

20% human serum

Yeast extract

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15
Q

Most important toxin of c.perfringens

A

Alpha toxin(phospholipase,lecithinase C)

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16
Q

Extra calories needed in pregnant and lactating women

A

Pregnant-350Kcal

Lactation-600Kcal

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17
Q

Survival of mycobacteria after ingestion by macrophages is due to

A

Inhibition of phagolysosome formation and interference with endosomal acidification

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18
Q

Macrophage receptors for MTB

A

Mannose receptors bind lipoarabinomannan

Complement receptors

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19
Q

Most common complication of IUD

A

Bleeding

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20
Q

Most common IUD complication requiring its removal

A

Pain

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21
Q

Shanghai fever

A

Typhoid like illness caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa

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22
Q

Glanders

A

Burkholdria mallei

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23
Q

Moderator band

A

Extends from septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle

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24
Q

Terminal branches of internal thoracic artery

A

Superior epigastric

Musculophrenic

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25
Q

Musculophrenic artery supplies

A

7th to 9th ICS

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26
Q

Intercostal nerves end as

A

Anterior cutaneous nerve

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27
Q

Azygous vein is formed by

A

Rt subcostal
Rt ascending lumbar
Lumbar Azygous vein

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28
Q

Posterior ICA

A

Totally 11
First two arise from superior thoracic artery,a branch of costocervical trunk which arises from 2nd part of subclavian artery
Rest arise from aorta

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29
Q

Posterior intercostal veins

A

1st vein drains directly into respective brachiocephalic veins
Right side:
2,3,4 form superior intercostal and drain into Azygous vein directly
5 to 11 drain directly into Azygous
Left side:
1,2,3,4 drain into left brachiocephalic
5,6,7,8 form accessory hemiazygos
9,10,11 form hemiazygos vein

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30
Q

Contents of middle mediastinum

A 
Heart and pericardium
SVC
Terminal part of Azygous vein
Rt and lt pulmonary vein
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Rt and lt pulmonary artery
Tracheal bifurcation and bronchi
Phrenic nerve 
Cardiac plexus
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31
Q

Structures piercing clavipectoral fascia

A

Cephalic vein
Lateral Pectoral nerves
Thoracoacromial vessels
Lymphatics

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32
Q

Mediastinal tumors

A

Superior- lymphoma
Anterior-thymoma
Middle-Bronchogenic cyst
Posterior-schwanomma,NF

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33
Q

Diff btw gall bladder bile and hepatic bile

A

Less sodium in gall bladder bile

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34
Q

pKA of bicarbonate buffer

A

6.1

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35
Q

Vitamin that can be used to treat hypercholesterolemia

A

Niacin

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36
Q

Hormone that has the shortest half life

A

Norepinephrine

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37
Q

Aminoacids that form glutathione

A

Glutamate
Glycine
Cysteine

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38
Q

Modification of bile acids that increases the working pH range and amphipathic nature of bile salts

A

Conjugation to taurine or glycine

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39
Q

Principle buffers of blood

A

Bicarbonate
Hemoglobin
Proteins

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40
Q

pKA of phosphate

A

6.8

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41
Q

Principal buffer of interstitial fluid

A

Bicarbonate

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42
Q

Principle buffer of intracellular fluid

A

Proteins

Phosphate

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43
Q

Amino acid in Hb that plays an important role in buffering

A

Histidine

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44
Q

Buffering in CSF

A

Phosphate
Bicarbonate

Also the buffers in urine

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45
Q

Ganglioside

A

Ceramide
Glucose
Galactose
NANA

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46
Q

GM2 ganglioside

A

GM3+GalNAC

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47
Q

GM1 ganglioside

A

GM2+galactose

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48
Q

Dietary fibre most helpful in maintaining normal blood glucose

A

Pectin

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49
Q

Donor of carbon atoms in Microsomal chain elongation

A

Acetyl CoA

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50
Q

Classification of lipids

A

Simple lipids
Fat-low molecular weight alcohol glycerol
Wax-high molecular weight alcohol like sphingosine
Complex lipids

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51
Q

Oasthouse syndrome is due to

A

Methionine malabsorption

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52
Q

Cells used in somatic cell gene therapy for ADA deficiency

A

Peripheral blood lymphocytes

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53
Q

Sphingosine is synthesised from

A

Serine and palmitoyl coA

54
Q

Classification of complex lipids

A 
Phospholipid
  Glycerophospholipid
  Sphingophospholipid
Glycolipid
  Myelin 
  Ganglioside
Aminolipid(lipoprotein)
Sulpholipid
55
Q

Shunt bilirubin

A

Bilirubin from immature RBC,defective RBC,cytochromes,myoglobin

56
Q

Other name for shunt bilirubin

A

Early labelled bilirubin

57
Q

Myelin

A

Sulphogalactosyl ceramide

58
Q

Detection of blood in stain

A 
Chemical tests(based on H2O2)
  leucomalachite green
  Orthotoludine test
  Guaiacum
  Benzidine
  Phenolpthalein Kastle Meyer test
Micro chemical tests
  Teichman hemin crystal 
  Takayama haemochromogen test
Spectroscopic test
  Most reliable test
59
Q

RMSF is caused by

A

Rickettsiae rickettsii

60
Q

Earliest lesion of Crohn disease

A

Aphthous ulcer

61
Q

Most commonly mutated oncogene in pancreatic Ca

A

KRAS

62
Q

Most common Germcell tumor

A

Seminoma

63
Q

The event that occurs in seconds in acute MI

A

ATP depletion

64
Q

Phosphodiesterase involved in aminophyllins

A

PDE4

Also involved in drotaverine

65
Q

PDE3 is involved in

A

Amrinone

Milrinone

66
Q

Selective PDE4 inhibitor

A

Cilomilost

Roflumilost

67
Q

Effect of benzodiazepines on sleep

A

Stage 2 increased
Latency of sleep is decreased
Duration of REM sleep decreased
Duration stage 3 and stage 4 both decreased

68
Q

Types of peliosis hepatitis

A

Parenchymal type

Phlebectatic type

69
Q

Plasmid mediated resistance is seen for

A

Penicillin
Chloramphenicol
Macrolide

70
Q

Route of administration of adalimumab

A

Subcutaneous

71
Q

Adalimumab acts via

A

p55 and p75 cell surface receptors

72
Q

Half life of adalimumab

A

10-20 days

73
Q

MOA of oseltamivir and zanamavir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors
Clumping of virions
Act against both influenza A and B

74
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors

A

Oseltamivir-oral-prodrug

Zanamavir-inhalational

75
Q

Side effect of zanamavir

A

Bronchospasm

76
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitor that can be given IV

A

Peramivir

77
Q

Indications for adalimumab

A 
Psoriasis 
RA
AS
Crohn
JIA
78
Q

Drugs associated with peliosis hepatitis

A 
Anabolic steroids
Oral contraceptives
Tamoxifen
Danazol
Vitamin A
Glucocorticoid 
6-Thioguanine
Azathioprine
79
Q

Toxins causing peliosis hepatitis

A

Vinyl chloride
Urethane
Thorium dioxide

80
Q

Route of administration of TNF antagonists

A

Infliximab IV

adalimumab and ethanercept given s.c

81
Q

t1/2 of TNF inhibitors

A

Adalimumab- 10-20 days
Infliximab- 9-12 days
Ethanercept- 4.5days

82
Q

Nature of TNF antagonists

A

Ethanercept-fusion protein
Inflixiamab - chimerised
Adalimumab-purely human

83
Q

Diseases associated with peliosis hepatitis

A 
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
Malignant histiocytosis
E.coli pyelonephritis
Castleman disease
HIV
renal transplantation
84
Q

Chemical structure of macrolides

A

Lactone ring

85
Q

Complication of tenofovir

A

Pulmonary chondroma

86
Q

Antibacterial action of macrolides are more at ______ pH

A

Alkaline

87
Q

Antibiotic effective against Wucheriria Bancrofti

A

Doxycycline

88
Q

Pemetrexed inhibits

A

Thymidylate synthase

89
Q

MOA of fingolimod

A

Sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor

90
Q

Synovial fluid leukocyte counts in different arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis- less than 2000/mm3

Gout and pseudo gout - 2000 to 50,000/uL

91
Q

Investigation with high sensitivity for aortic dissection

A

Trans esophageal echocardiography(best at detecting ascending and descending aorta)
Transthoracic detects only ascending aorta dissection

92
Q

Amount of effluent in illeostomy

A

500-700/ml

93
Q

Baliant syndrome

A

Optic ataxia
Oculomotor apraxia
Simultagnosia

94
Q

Pain in pagets disease is relived by

A

Bisphosphonates

95
Q

Hormone released from ileum

A

Pancreatic YY

96
Q

OPSI is least commonly seen after splenectomy done for

A

Trauma

Most common if done for haematological conditions

97
Q

Rx of Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

Thyroxine

Sx only for cosmetic reasons

98
Q

Minimum number of nodes to be dissected in Ca breast
Sentinel biopsy
Axillary sampling

A

Sentinel biopsy-2

Axillary node sampling-4

99
Q

Axillary node management in breast conservation Sx

A

Sentinel node sampling
Axillary sampling
Axillary dissection

First two are done for clinically node negative cancer

100
Q

BRCA1 cancers

A

Poor prognosis
ER/PR negative
Increased S phase fraction
Aneuploidy

101
Q

Types of technetium scans

A

Technetium 99m labelled RBC

Technetium 99m labelled sulphur colloid scan

102
Q

Repair of clefts

A

Cleft lip- 3months
Cleft palate- before 12 months
Alveolar bone grafting- 9 yrs

103
Q

Most appropriate Sx procedure for duodenal atresia

A

Duodenoduodenostomy

104
Q

Best results after closed suction lipectomy is seen in pts with

A

Lax and supple skin

105
Q

Characteristics of diarrhoea in VIPoma

A

Occurs after fasting

Occurs after nasogastric suction

106
Q

Most common manifestation of puerperal infection

A

Endometritis

107
Q

Rise of temperature after ovulation is due to

A

Progesterone

108
Q

Face to pubis delivery is seen in which type of pelvis

A

Anthropoid

109
Q

Deep transverse arrest is seen in which type of pelvis

A

Android type

110
Q

Causes of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children is

A

CSF rhinorhea

111
Q

Absolute indication renal exploration after trauma

A

Expanding hematoma
Pulsatile hematoma
Persistent renal bleeding

112
Q

Dissociation is

A

A functional narrowing of consciousness

113
Q

Medically unexplained symptoms constitute _______ % of all GP consultations

A

20%

114
Q

First reading of patch test is taken at

A

48hrs

115
Q

Calcified liver mets in USG is associated with

A

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of colon

116
Q

IOC in acute appendicitis

A

CECT abdomen

117
Q

YoYo reflex is associated with

A

Duplication of collecting system

118
Q

Follicular occlusion tetrad

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa
Acne conglobata
Dissecting cellulitis
Pilonidal sinus

First three constitute follicular triad

119
Q

Characteristics of MRCP

A

Uses signals produced by fluid within the ducts to produce images of the biliary and pancreatic ductal system
No contrast needed
Provides better spatial resolution than CT
entire duct cannot be displayed on a single slice

120
Q

Signs in Crohn disease

A

Creeping fat sign
String sign of cantor
Comb sign

121
Q

Averbechs chemo for malignant pheochromocytoma

A

Vincristine
Dacarbazine
Cyclophosphamide

122
Q

Radiation dose associated with azoospermia

A

80rad

123
Q

Effectiveness
Efficacy
Efficiency

A

Efficiency- cost benefit analysis
Efficacy- benefit under ideal controlled conditions
Effectiveness- benefit in general population

124
Q

Serial interval

A

Time interval btw primary and secondary cases

125
Q

Chandlers index is used in

A

Ankylostoma

126
Q

Probability of rejecting null hypothesis when it is true

A

Type 1 error

127
Q

Dose of INH for Chemoprophylaxis

A

10mg/kg

128
Q

Goals of national population policy

A

Reduce MMR to below 100/1,00,000 live births
Achieve 100% registration of births,deaths,marriage and pregnancy
Bring down TFR to replacement levels by 2015

129
Q

Clinical symptoms of lead toxicity appears when blood level is

A

70mg/dl

130
Q

Residual effects of DDT lasts for

A

18 months

131
Q

Pyrethrum has synergistic action with

A

DDT

132
Q

DDT is a ________ poison

A

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