7.5 Respiratory System Flashcards
pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pulmonary capillaries
surround the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli, is the site of gas exchange in blood
alveoli
air sacs in the lungs that are surrounded by a network of capillaries and provide space for gas exchange
nasal mucosa
warms, filters and moistens the air
pharynx
the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus
internal respiration
gas exchange between the bloodstream and the cells of the body
inhalation
the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
exhalation
the act of breathing out as the diaphragm relaxes
whooping cough
also known as pertussis, a bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by uncontrollable coughing
cystic fibrosis
a genetic disorder that affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
asthma
a chronic disorder characterized by episodes of breathing difficulty due to constricted, narrowed, or obstructed airways
larynx
the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords, also known as the voice box
external respiration
gas exchange between the lungs and the blood
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea while swallowing
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity causes pressure to build up, which prevents the lung from expanding and can cause it to collapse
pulmonary embolism
a blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery, cutting off blood supply and damaging or destroying tissue
tachypnea
rapid breathing
bradypnea
slow breathing
apnea
absence of breathing
dyspnea
difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
acute sinusitis
allergens or infections cause the mucus membranes to swell and become inflamed
influenza
also known as the flu, a contagious disease caused by a viral infection of the respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
acute bronchitis
infection and inflammation of bronchial airways causing a cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing
allergies
a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother most other people
pneumonia
an infection of one or both lungs that can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungus, or inhaling a liquid or chemical
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, usually caused by smoking, has two types - chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both of which cause shortness of breath
RPA
right pulmonary artery
PFT
pulmonary function test
PF
peak flow
PPD
purified protein derivative (used for a TB test)
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
