10 Urinary System Flashcards
stretch receptors
located in the wall of the bladder, they trigger the micturition reflex
urinary tract infection
an infection of the urinary tract causing a fever, pain or burning with urination, cloudy urine, and an urge to urinate often
chronic kidney disease
often caused by diabetes or high blood pressure, the kidneys become damaged and don’t filter as they should, causing waste to build up in the body
BPH
called either benign prostatic hypertrophy or hyperplasia, this common condition in aging men is an enlarged prostate, causing difficulty urinating
average adult urine output
1.4 liters per day
urine
95% water and 5% waste products from body processes
urine pathway
kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra
nephron
the functional unit of the kidney, it processes plasma to form urine, each kidney contains over a million nephrons
urethral sphincters
provide muscle control for the flow of urine, maintaining urinary continence
peristalsis
involuntary contractions of smooth muscle that move urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
polycystic kidney disease
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, it eventually causes kidney failure
incontinence
inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces
renal cortex
outer layer of the kidney
renal medulla
inner region of the kidney
female urethra
approximately 1.5 inches long, conveys only urine
male urethra
approximately 8 inches long, transports both urine and semen
male bladder
anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate gland
female bladder
anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus
nephrolith
a kidney stone, made when crystallized mineral and acid salts stick together
kidney cyst
a fluid filled sac in the kidney
cystolith
a stone located within the urinary bladder
ureterolith
a stone located in a ureter
urethrolith
a stone located in the urethra
renal pyramids
triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
ureter
tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
glomerular filtration
the first step in urine formation
reabsorption
renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream, the second step in urine formation
secretion
additional waste products pass into the renal tubule, the last step in urine formation
C/S
culture and sensitivity (used to diagnose and treat a urinary tract infection)
SG
specific gravity (how concentrated urine is)
GFR
glomerular filtration rate (test for kidney function)
PSA
prostatic specific antigen (a blood test for prostate cancer)
DRE
digital rectal examination
GC/CT
gonorrhea and chlamydia (lab test for both)
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
