7.4 Skeletal System Flashcards
⭐Axial skeleton
Forms the trunk of the body, includes skull vertebrae ribs and sternum
⭐Appendicular skeleton
Forms the extremities; includes shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle and leg bones.
⭐Carpals
Bones that form the hand; does not include the metacarpals or phalanges
⭐Clavicles
“Collarbone”; easiest bone in the body to break; between the manubrium of the sternum and the edge of the scapula.
⭐Cranium
Spherical structure surrounds and protects
The long shaft of a long bone ex.femur contains the medullary canal
In long bones is the unreal membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact.
Two on each long bone at the ends are the proximal epiphyses distal epiphyses
⭐Femur
Largest bone in the body bone of the “thigh”.
⭐Fibula
The fine, slender bone of the lower leg, attaches to the proximal end of the tibia.
“soft spots” on the infant skull; spaces which allow for bone growth/skull enlargement.
Foramina
Small “hole”/ opening in bones; allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through the bone layers.
⭐Humerus
The bone of the upper arm.
Area at which two bones come together; typically joined by strong, fibrous bands of ligaments; surfaces of two bones often covered with articular cartilage; 3 main types.
Connective tissue bands that holds Long bones Together at joints three types) diarthrosis/synovial (b) amphiathrosis (c) synarthrosis.
a cavity in the diaphysis shaft of a long
⭐Metatarsals
Five bones that from the instep of the foot.
⭐Metacarpals
Five bones that form the palm of the hand,
⭐Ox coxae
Two coxal/hip bones) which join with the sacrum at the dorsal back of the body.
⭐Patella
Kneecap
Outside of the bone; covered with tough membrane; contains bone vessels, lymph vessels and osteoblasts (from new cells).
From the thumb and fingers: 3 per finger: 2 per thumb
⭐Radius
Bone of the forearm/ lower arm on the thumb side; rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely.
Found in the vertebrae, ribs, sternum and cranium, proximal ends/ ephysis of human and femun produces red blood cells(RBCs/erythrocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and some white blood cells (WBCs, aleukocytes).
3 types: true ribs(attached to sternum in front); flalse ribs (attached at base of sternum with cartilage); floating ribs (do not attach to strernum; protect kidneys).
⭐Scapula
2 shoulder bones; provide attachment for the arms; clavicle and rest atop front of a scapula.
Air spaces inside the skull lined with membranes
⭐Skeletal system
206 bones.
⭐Sternum
Breastbone; 3 parts manubrium at top; body of the sternum in center (used in CPR); xiphoid process (triangular,body projection) at the distal end.
⭐Vertebrae-
26 bones of the back/ axial skeleton that protect the spinal cord; 7 cervical (neck); 12 thoracic (chest); 5 lumber (lower back).
Unique joints found only in the skull; have no cartilage.
⭐Tarsals
7 bones of the ankle and heel.
⭐Ulna
Lower arm/ forearm bone with “olercanon process”= true “funny bone” of the elbow.
Soft tissue in the diaphysis of the long bones.
Slightly movable joint;m ex. attachments of the ribs to thoracic vertebrae
2 types: rheumatoid and osteoarthritis- both inflame the joints and destroy joint tissue over time
Fractures
.
Inflammation of the bursae (small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints).
When a bone is forcibly displaced from the joint.
(See chapter/ handout for types) p 162: green stick closed, Open/ Compound, Impacted
Immovable; ex., suture joints of the cranium.
⭐Tibia
Thick, though weight bearing bone of the lower leg; “shin” bone.
Twisting action that tears a ligament (s) at a joint ex., ankle.
Bone inflammation caused by a pathogenic organism usually a bacteria- treated with antibiotics.
Increased porosity/ softening of bone predominantly in slender, fair- skinned females; can occur
Free removable joints; ex. ball joints & socket joints of hip and shoulder; hinge joins of elbow and knee.
