74 - Neoplasms of the Lung Flashcards
A former smoker is defined as
smoked ≥100 cigarettes per life- time, quit ≥1 year
A never smoker is defined as
smoked <100 cigarettes per lifetime
How many percent of new lung cancer occurs in former smokers and never smokers?
60%
Incidence of lung cancer in men who have never smoked
1 in 12
Incidence of lung cancer in women who have never smoked
1 in 5
Lifetime probability of Lung Cancer among males
8%
Lifetime probability of Lung Cancer among females
6%
Risk of cigarettes smokers of developing lung cancer
10x
One genetic mutation is induced for every how many cigarettes smoked?
15 cigarettes
Risk of developing lung cancer among never smokers
9x
Risk of developing lung cancer among those who continue to smoke
20x
First degree relatives of lung cancer probands have how much risk of lung cancer
2-3 fold
Loci associated with lung cancer
5p15
6p21
5q25
What is the gremlin mutation involved in EGFR mutation linking to lung cancer susceptibility in never smokers
T790M
Susceptibility locus on which chromosome increases risk of lung cancer among light and never smokers
chromosome 6q
Reliable indicator of primary lung cancer provided a thyroid primary has been excluded
TTF-1
an aspartic protease that plays an important role in maturation of surfactant B7 and is expressed in cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes
Napsin-A (Nap-A)
Nap-A (+), TTF-1 (+)
Primary Lung Adenocarcioma
Nap-A (-), TTF-1 (-)
Primary Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nap-A (-), TTF-1 (+)
Primary SCLC
CK7 (+), CK20 (-)
NSCLC
SCLC
Mesothelioma
CK7(-), CK20 (-)
Squamous cell lung CA
marker for NSCLC with squamous differentiation
p63
Most frequently activated via gene amplification or transcriptional dysregulation in both SCLC and NSCLC
MYC
Detecting cancer earlier without an effect on survival
lead time bias
indolent cancers are detected on screening and may not affect survival, whereas aggressive cancers are likely to cause symptoms earlier in patients and are less likely to be detected
length time bias
diagnosing cancers so slow growing that they are unlikely to cause the death of the patient
over diagnosis
Most frequent s/s of lung cancer in decreasing order of frequency
cough weight loss dyspnea chest pain hemoptysis
