7.4 Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four genetically diverse gametes.
True or False: Meiosis occurs in somatic cells.
False
Fill in the blank: Meiosis consists of two successive divisions known as ______ and ______.
meiosis I and meiosis II
What are the main purposes of meiosis?
The main purposes of meiosis are to produce gametes for sexual reproduction and to ensure genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the chromosome number, while mitosis results in two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number.
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Crossing over occurs during prophase I.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of meiosis? A) Skin cells B) Muscle cells C) Sperm cells D) Blood cells
C) Sperm cells
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a reproductive cell that carries half the genetic information, specifically sperm in males and eggs in females.
True or False: Asexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes.
False
Fill in the blank: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically ______ to the parent.
identical
What are two common forms of asexual reproduction?
Budding and binary fission.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organisms primarily reproduce asexually? A) Humans B) Bacteria C) Birds D) Trees
B) Bacteria
What role does fertilization play in sexual reproduction?
Fertilization is the process where two gametes fuse to form a zygote, restoring the diploid chromosome number.
True or False: Sexual reproduction results in greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction.
True
What is independent assortment?
Independent assortment is the process during meiosis where chromosomes are distributed randomly into gametes, contributing to genetic diversity.
Fill in the blank: The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the ______ in meiosis.
haploid number
Short Answer: Name one advantage of sexual reproduction.
One advantage of sexual reproduction is increased genetic diversity, which can enhance adaptability.
What is the term for the fusion of sperm and egg?
Fertilization
Multiple Choice: Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes? A) Anaphase I B) Metaphase II C) Telophase I D) Prophase II
A) Anaphase I
What is the significance of genetic recombination during meiosis?
Genetic recombination increases genetic variation, which is crucial for evolution and adaptation in changing environments.
