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biology topic 7 > 7.3 stem cells > Flashcards

7.3 stem cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Stem cell

A

An unspecialised cell that can divide by mitosis repeatedly and differentiate into specialised cells

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2
Q

Embryonic stem cell

A

Pluripotent
Stem cells that can divide and differentiate into any specialised tissues

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3
Q

Adult tissue stem cells

A

Multipotent
Stem cells that are involved in the repair and replacement of specialised cell eg. Blood and skin

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4
Q

Totipotent cells

A

Can make all specialised cell types. Including extra embryonic cells (placenta/umbilical cord)
Found in Morula/zygote

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5
Q

Pluripotent cells

A

Can make all specialised cell types but ot extra embryonic cell types
Found in blastocyst

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6
Q

Multipotent cells

A

Can make a restricted range of cell type e.g. haemopoietic stem cells
Fond in enveloping embryo too

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7
Q

Adult stem cell: nature and uses

A

Can divide to make more of themselves
Multipotent

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8
Q

Adult stem cell: positives

A

Easily obtained
Won’t be rejected: same DNA as recipient

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9
Q

Adult stem cell: negatives

A

Not pluripotent

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10
Q

Embryonic stem cell: nature and uses

A

Taken from embryo
From blastocyst (4-5 days)
Morula stem for totipotent

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11
Q

Embryonic stem cell: positive

A

Pluripotent: any cell type

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12
Q

Embryonic stem cell: negatives

A

Rejected by immune system
Can lead to cancerous growth
Destruction of foetus/ artificial nature of conception leads to ethical issues

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13
Q

Umbilical cord ES stem cells: nature and uses

A

Umblical chord: from foetus

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14
Q

Umbilical cord ES stem cells: positives

A

Can be frozen for later in life
Avoids ethical issues

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15
Q

Umbilical cord ES stem cels: negatives

A

Logistically hard and expensive
Little evidence of efficacy

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16
Q

Therapeutic cloning: nature and uses

A

Stem cells created from nuclear transfer
Used as with normal ES cells
Human embryos created using somatic cell nucleus and enucleated egg cell

17
Q

Therapeutic cloning: positives

A

Avoids rejection
Gives ES pluripotent cells

18
Q

Therapeutic cloning: negatives

A

Logistically hard to fo an expensive
Carriers the same embryonic stem cell ethical issues

19
Q

IPC need to be flashcaded

A

biology topic 7 (7 decks)

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