7.3 Learning And Memory

Question 1

What is working memory?

Answer 1

Short-term memory which we reason with. Get rid of most of info unless its important

Question 2

What is habituation?

Answer 2

When you are aware of sensory input which is repeated continuously and doesn’t cause harm, so as a result you no longer detect the sensation, eg. Heart being sound

Question 3

What is sensitisation?

Answer 3

Sensitising to a particular stimulus, overrides habituation

Question 4

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 4

Pavlov and his dogs

Question 5

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 5

Skinner-a behaviours becomes associated wth a positive or negative stimulus, eg. A dog coming when you give food

Question 6

What is procedural?

Answer 6

Reflexive memories, eg. How to pick up a pencil. We just do it, don’t need to specifically decide which muscles to activate

Question 7

What are the 5 types of implicit memory?

Answer 7

Habituation, sensitisation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, procedural

Question 8

What is the central executive subdivision?

Answer 8

works our timing of everything, determines what’s important remember

Question 8

What are the 3 subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 8

1. central executive
2. phonological loop
3. spatiotemporal sketchpad

Question 9

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 9

where digits are stored

Question 10

What is the spatiotemporal/visuospatial sketchpad/

Answer 10

storage of visual info and where it fits in space, proprioceptice

Question 11

What is explicit memory (aka declarative memory)

Answer 11

can describe it into words

Question 12

What are the divisions of explicit memory?

Answer 12

semantic and episodic memory

Question 13

What does explicit memory need?

Answer 13

hippocampal formation

Question 14

Where is explicit memory stored?

Answer 14

neocortex once consolidated (memories get stronger here)

Question 15

Why is the hippocampus important?

Answer 15

forms explicit memory, known because the it is removed, the person cannot create long term memories

Question 16

What is the neocortex?

Answer 16

where sensory function is detected

Question 17

What is semantic memory

Answer 17

meaning of things, eg. words, sights, sounds

Question 18

What is episodic memory?

Answer 18

mems of what happened

Question 19

what is semantic dementia?

Answer 19

can’t recognise difference between people, damage to neocortex

Question 20

what is episodic dementia?

Answer 20

alzheimers - occurs in hippocampus, ppl repeat themselves continuously

Question 21

how does PTSD happen?

Answer 21

single fear memory stored for a very long time
the person will have the memory replayed over and over until it becomes a long-term memory

Question 22

What are the basic mechanisms involved in formation of memory?

Answer 22

strengthening of synapses as result from prior activity

Question 23

What happens if you don’t recall information?

Answer 23

if you don’t recall it in a month, the hippocampus will remove it

Question 24

What is Hebb’s theory?

Answer 24

if there’s a network of neurons and only a few were active to a certain stimulus, then activity will activate other neurons in the system so that it will remember the pattern of activity

Question 25

Why is sleep required for memory storage?

Answer 25

slow wave and REM sleep involved with consolidation of memory

Question 26

Where is the hippocampus located?

Answer 26

Located medially in the temporal lobe

Question 27

When is the hippocampus active?

Answer 27

During explicit memory consolidation