7.2 (18) - Populations and Evolution

Question 1

What does ‘gene pool’ mean?

Answer 1

The complete range of alleles for all genes in the organisms in a population

Question 2

What does ‘allele frequency’ mean?

Answer 2

The proportion of a particular type of allele in a population (eg. A or a)

Question 3

What does ‘evolution’ mean?

Answer 3

A change in the allele frequencies in a population

Question 4

What does ‘genotype frequency’ mean?

Answer 4

The proportion of a particular allele combination in a population (eg. AA, Aa or aa)

Question 5

What does ‘phenotype frequency’ mean?

Answer 5

The proportion of a particular characteristic in a population (eg. wrinkled or smooth peas)

Question 6

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, what is a stable population?

Answer 6

A population where the births and deaths are very similar/the same

Question 7

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, what are the factors of a stable population?

Answer 7

• No mutations
• No immigration/emigration
• No selection
• Random mating
• The population is large

Question 8

What equation do you use to calculate the allele frequencies in a population (if the gene pool is stable)?

Answer 8

p + q = 1

p is the frequency of the dominant allele

q is the frequency of the recessive allele

Question 9

What equation do you use to calculate the genotype frequencies?

Answer 9

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

AA + Aa + aA + aa = 1

Question 10

What are 2 types of variation?

Answer 10

Genetic and environmental

Question 11

What are some causes of genetic variation in the genome of an organism?

Answer 11

• Mutations
• Meiosis (crossing over)
• Random fertilisation of gametes (new combinations of alleles)

Question 12

What are some causes of environmental variation in the genome of an organism?

Answer 12

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