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7153PSY > 7153PSY > Flashcards

7153PSY Flashcards

1
Q

Psychopathology

A

Understand and explain nature of mental disorders
Person-oriented - their experience, alongside symptomology and nosology (dx)

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2
Q

Normal vs abnormal

A

Statistical rarity
Subjective distress
Biological disadvantage
Need for treatment

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3
Q

Steps for differential diagnosis

A
  1. Rule out malingering and factitious disorder
  2. Rule out substance aetiology
  3. Rule out disorder due to general medical condition
  4. Determine specific primary disorder(s)
  5. Differentiate adjustment disorder from “other specified/unspecified” disorders
  6. Establish whether symptoms are severe enough for diagnosis
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4
Q

Transdiagnostic Interventions

A

Address multiple diagnostic problems linked by a common underlying aetiology or maintaining mechanisms

Exists for a range of psycholoigcal disorders
Increased efficiency, dissemination and applicability

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5
Q

Culture contributes to

A

prevalence of MH
aetiology and expression,
expression of distress,
diagnostic and assessment issues
coping style and help-seeking
treatment issues

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6
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • persistent food intake restriction
  • intense fear of weight gain
  • disturbance in self-perceived weight/shape
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7
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • recurrent binge-eating episodes
  • recurrent compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain
  • self-evaluation unduly influenced by weight/shape
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8
Q

Binge eating disorder

A
  • recurrent episodes of binge eating
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9
Q

First line of treatment for AN (adults)

A
  • CBT-ED
  • MANTRA (Maudsley anorexia nervosa treatment for adults)
  • SSCM (specialist service clinical management)

If not possible/contra-indicated/ineffective: try one of other three or ED focused psychodynamic

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10
Q

First line of treatment for AN (child/young person)

A

Anorexia nervosa focused family therapy

If not possible/contra-indicated/ineffective: CBT-E or adolescent focused psychotherapy for AN

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11
Q

First line of treatment for BN (adults)

A

Guided self-help

If not possible/contra-indicated/ineffective: CBT-E

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12
Q

First line of treatment for BN (child/youth)

A

BN focused family therapy

If not possible/contra-indicated/ineffective: CBT-E

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13
Q

First line of treatment for BED (child/youth/adults)

A

Guided self-help

If not possible/contra-indicated/ineffective: CBT-E

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14
Q

Transdiagostic formulation of EDs

A

Over-evaluation of weight/shape/control -> strict diet -> Sig. low weight OR binge eating -> compensatory behaviour
All impacted by ecents and associated mood changes

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15
Q

CBT-E for EDs

A
  • usually 20 sessions but up to 40 for low BMI
  • inpatient or group
  • core (psychopathology and mood intolerance) vs broad (incl. clinical perfectionism, low self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties)
  • heavy behavioural focus
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16
Q

Contra-indications to CBT-E

A

compromised physical health
clinical depression
suicide risk
persistent substance misuse
major life crisis
inability to attend therapy

17
Q

CBT-E phase 1

A

session 1-2
- therapeutic relationship
- assessment
- goals
- formulation feedback
- rationale for self-monitoring and weekly weigh ins

weeks 3-8
- in session weigh ins, setting agenda, H/W etc - goals is to educate about eating problems and establish regular eating

18
Q

CBT-E phase 2

A
  • review of progress
  • obstacles
  • design phase 3 (identify maintaining factors)
  • decide if core or broad CBT-E
19
Q

CBT-E phase 3

A

targeting maintaining factors

e.g 1) overevaluation of weight/shape/control
- identify overeval. and its consequences
- identify origin
- increase importance of other domains
- address shape checking, avoidance, ‘feeling fat’
- learning to control ED mindset

e.g 2) strict diet
- identify as problematic
- explore need for control

e.g 3) events, mood, eating
- proactive problem solving
- more adaptive coping to mood changes

20
Q

CBT-E phase 4

A

Ending treatment
- address concerns abt this
- relapse prevention
- review

21
Q

Personality disorders

A
  • enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from individual’s culture
  • pervasive, inflexible
  • began in adolescence or early adulthood
  • stable over time
  • leads to distress and/or impairment
22
Q

Cluster A

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
    -schizotypal

Odd, eccentric

23
Q

Cluster B

A
  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic

Dramatic, irrational, erratic

24
Q

Cluster C

A
  • dependent
  • avoidant
  • obsessive-compulsive

Fearful, anxious

25
Q

Paranoid PD

A

pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others - assume others will harm/deceive/exploit you

26
Q

Schizoid PD

A

detatchment from social interactions (social isolation)
restricted range of affect
Brief psychotic episodes (stress-related)

27
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

discomfort with closeness, perceptual, and cognitive disturbances (odd beliefs, behaviour, speech)
Suspicious paranoid ideation

28
Q

Antisocial PD

A

Deceit, manipulation, disregard for others rights

29
Q

Borderline PD

A

unstable self-concept and relationships with others + impulsivity

30
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
- needs to be center of attention
- sexually seductive/provocative

Aetiology: genetic, lax parenting style, parental modelling, childhood trauma

31
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Self-grandiose and lack of empathy, need for admiration

32
Q

Obsessive-compulsive PD

A

Need for perfection (ego-syntonic)

33
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Fear of rejection (social inhiition, inadequacy, fear of negative evaluation)

Comorbid: MDD, bipolar, anxiety (SAD), dependent, borderline PD

Differentials: SAD, agoraphobia, other PDs, substance use

34
Q

Dependent PD

A

Need for others - to be taken care of (submissive/clingy)

Aetiology: early anxiety experiences and modelling

Differentials: dependency due to panic/agoraphobia, borderline, histrionic, avoidant

35
Q

Assessment for PD

A

Clinical interview: thorough developmental and interpersonal history, history of mental health, MSE

Collateral information (informants)
Self report measures (e.g., PAI)

36
Q

Conceptualisation

A

Attachment theory
CBT
Psychodynamic
DBT

7153PSY (3 decks)

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