7.1 Species and Speciation

Question 1

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 1

Two descriptive words given to identify a species.

Question 2

Order of taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 2

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 3

List the 5 kingdoms

Answer 3

Monera, Protista, plantae fungi, Animalia

Question 4

Species

Answer 4

An evolutionarily independent group.

Question 5

Biological Species Concept

Answer 5

If two populations do not interbreed in nature, or fail to produce viable offspring.

Question 6

Prezygotic Isolation

Answer 6

Prevention of individuals from mating and creating a zygote

Question 7

Temporal (prezygotic)

Answer 7

Breeding at different times

Question 8

Habitat (prezygotic)

Answer 8

Breed in a different habitat

Question 9

Behavioral (prezygotic)

Answer 9

courtship displays differ

Question 10

Gametic Barrier (prezygotic)

Answer 10

Egg and sperm are incompatible

Question 11

Mechanical (prezygotic)

Answer 11

Genitalia is incompatible

Question 12

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 12

A branching diagram that depicts relatedness/distinction among groups

Question 13

Branches

Answer 13

represent a population throughout time

Question 14

Nodes

Answer 14

(Where branches come together) are points in time when an ancestral group split into 2 or more descendant groups

Question 15

Terminal Nodes

Answer 15

At the ends of branches, represent a group living or extinct.

Question 16

Phenetics

Answer 16

Groups of species by similarity of traits, whether those traits are ancestral o more recently derived

Question 17

Cladistics

Answer 17

Grouping of species by shared, and derived characteristics.

Question 18

Monophyletic Group

Answer 18

Most recent common ancestor and all its descendants

Question 19

Paraphyletic Group

Answer 19

Most recent common ancestor and NOT all of its descendants

Question 20

Homology

Answer 20

Traits are similar due to shared ancestry

Question 21

Convergent Evolution

Answer 21

The independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related organisms

Question 22

Allopatric speciation

Answer 22

When subpopulations are separated by a physical barrier and remain reproductively isolated

Question 23

Dispersal (allopatric)

Answer 23

When a group emigrates from an area, and they are isolated long enough to have allele changes that lead to new species

Question 24

Vicariance (allopatric)

Answer 24

When a population is divided by a change in geologic landscape.

Question 25

Sympatric speciation

Answer 25

Occurs when new species are created in areas where there is no physical barrier between subpopulations (interbreed)

Question 26

Reinforcement Species

Answer 26

If pops. interbreed, hybrids would have suppressed fitness and selection would favor those that do not interbreed causing more separation

Question 27

Hybrid Zones

Answer 27

Areas where 2 populations overlap and hybrids exist