7.1 Species and Speciation Flashcards

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1
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Two descriptive words given to identify a species.

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2
Q

Order of taxonomic hierarchy

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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3
Q

List the 5 kingdoms

A

Monera, Protista, plantae fungi, Animalia

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4
Q

Species

A

An evolutionarily independent group.

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5
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

If two populations do not interbreed in nature, or fail to produce viable offspring.

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6
Q

Prezygotic Isolation

A

Prevention of individuals from mating and creating a zygote

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7
Q

Temporal (prezygotic)

A

Breeding at different times

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8
Q

Habitat (prezygotic)

A

Breed in a different habitat

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9
Q

Behavioral (prezygotic)

A

courtship displays differ

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10
Q

Gametic Barrier (prezygotic)

A

Egg and sperm are incompatible

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11
Q

Mechanical (prezygotic)

A

Genitalia is incompatible

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12
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

A branching diagram that depicts relatedness/distinction among groups

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13
Q

Branches

A

represent a population throughout time

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14
Q

Nodes

A

(Where branches come together) are points in time when an ancestral group split into 2 or more descendant groups

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15
Q

Terminal Nodes

A

At the ends of branches, represent a group living or extinct.

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16
Q

Phenetics

A

Groups of species by similarity of traits, whether those traits are ancestral o more recently derived

17
Q

Cladistics

A

Grouping of species by shared, and derived characteristics.

18
Q

Monophyletic Group

A

Most recent common ancestor and all its descendants

19
Q

Paraphyletic Group

A

Most recent common ancestor and NOT all of its descendants

20
Q

Homology

A

Traits are similar due to shared ancestry

21
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

The independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related organisms

22
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

When subpopulations are separated by a physical barrier and remain reproductively isolated

23
Q

Dispersal (allopatric)

A

When a group emigrates from an area, and they are isolated long enough to have allele changes that lead to new species

24
Q

Vicariance (allopatric)

A

When a population is divided by a change in geologic landscape.

25
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Occurs when new species are created in areas where there is no physical barrier between subpopulations (interbreed)

26
Q

Reinforcement Species

A

If pops. interbreed, hybrids would have suppressed fitness and selection would favor those that do not interbreed causing more separation

27
Q

Hybrid Zones

A

Areas where 2 populations overlap and hybrids exist