2.2 Cell Division & Heredity

Question 1

Phenotypes

Answer 1

Measurable traits (seen visually)

Question 2

Genotypes

Answer 2

All of the alleles of all the genes within an individual or a specific set of alleles of a set of genes

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

All of the hereditary information within an individual

Question 4

Gene Pool

Answer 4

All the alleles of the genes within a population.

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Section of DNA found on chromosomes that code for a polypeptide which causes a trait.

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

The location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Particular versions of a gene that occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Genes carrying out on a structure made of DNA and associated proteins

Question 9

Ploidy

Answer 9

Refers to the number of chromosomes in a set & the number of sets of chromosomes a cell contains

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

one copy (1n)

Question 11

Homologous pairs of chromosomes

Answer 11

One copy of the same chromosome from each parent in the same nucleus (2n=diploid) Same genes, but different gene expression

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

The process of the production of gametes produced by individuals. (Halfing the number of chromosomes)

Question 13

Crossing Over

Answer 13

Non-sister chromatids link up and exchange genetic information by breaking and rejoining.

Question 14

Transformation

Answer 14

Bacterial cells take up

Question 15

Nondisjunction

Answer 15

Creates cells with too many or too few chromosomes due to incorrect splitting in meiosis

Question 16

Transformation (Bacterial)

Answer 16

Picking up DNA from the environment

Question 17

Transduction (Bacterial)

Answer 17

Picking up DNA by a virus

Question 18

Conjugation (Bacterial)

Answer 18

Picking up DNA through another organism