7.1 Personality

Question 1

What is the definition of personality?

Answer 1

individual pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior associated with each person

Question 2

What does the psychoanalytic theory of personality state?

Answer 2

personality is shaped by a person’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 3

According to the psychoanalytic theory of personality, what are the two instinctual drives that motivate human behavior?

Answer 3

libido
death instinct

Question 4

What is libido?

Answer 4

life instinct; drives behaviors focused on survival, growth, creativity, pain avoidance, and pleasure

Question 5

What is the death instinct?

Answer 5

drives aggressive behaviors fueled by an unconscious will to die or hurt oneself or others

Question 6

According to psychoanalytic theory, what are the three personality components that function together?

Answer 6

1. id
2. ego
3. superego

Question 7

What is id?

Answer 7

source of energy and instincts that is ruled by the pleasure principle

Question 8

What is ego?

Answer 8

uses logical thinking and planning to control consciousness and the id

Question 9

What is the superego?

Answer 9

inhibits the id and influences the ego to follow moralistic and idealist goals rather than just realistic goals

Question 10

What is anxiety?

Answer 10

the feeling of dread or tension that is a warning of potential danger and occurs when a person begins to become aware of repressed feelings, memories, desires, or experience

Question 11

What is the ego defense mechanism?

Answer 11

unconsciously denying or distorting reality used to cope with anxiety

Question 12

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 12

1. oral stage
2. anal stage
3. phallic stage
4. latency stage
5. genital stage

Question 13

What is the oral stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 13

child seeks sensual pleasure through oral activities such as sucking and chewing

Question 14

What is the anal stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 14

child seeks sensual pleasures through control of elimination

Question 15

What is the phallic stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 15

child seeks sensual pleasure through the genitals

Question 16

What is the latency stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 16

sexual interests subside and are replaced by interests in other areas such as school, friends, and sports

Question 17

What is the genital stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 17

begins in adolescence when sexual themes resurface and a person’s life/sexual energy fuels activities such as friendships, art, sports and career

Question 18

What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s psychosocial stages?

Answer 18

1. trust versus mistrust
2. autonomy versus shame
3. initiative versus guilt
4. industry versus inferiority
5. identity versus role confusion
6. intimacy versus isolation
7. generativity versus stagnation
8. integrity versus despair

Question 19

What is humanistic theory?

Answer 19

humans are seen as inherently good and having free will rather than having their behavior determined by their early relationships

Question 20

What is actualizing tendency?

Answer 20

innate drive to maintain and enhance the organism