Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Unit > 7.1 Liver Pathology 1 > Flashcards

7.1 Liver Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the liver

A

storage
synthetic
metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is stored in the liver?

A

glycogen
vitamins
iron
copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is synthesised in the liver

A 
glucose
lipids/cholesterol
bile
clotting factors
albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is metabolised in the liver?

A 
bilirubin
ammonia
drugs
alcohol
carbohydrate
lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is decompensated liver disease?

A

Acute liver failure with no previous history of liver pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can cause acute liver failure?

A

alcohol
paracetamol
viral - EBV, CMV, Hepatitis
Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are symptoms of liver disease?

A

jaudice
oedema/ascites
bleeding/easy bruising
confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do patients with liver disease appear confused?

A

impaired ability to metabolise ammonia, hyperammonemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is cirrhosis?

A

permanent irreversible liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens to the appearance of a liver with cirrhosis?

A

nodules on surface due to strict bands of fibrous tissue formed by repeated inflammation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 5 main differentials for liver cirrhosis?

A 
drugs
infection
deposition of fat
autoimmune 
other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what drugs cause cirrhosis?

A

medications (iatrogenic) - aspirin in children
alcoholic liver disease
paracetamol overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the difference between alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis?

A

alcoholic liver disease can occur in week and may be reversible. Alcoholic liver disease can lead to Alcoholic hepatitis if not resolved.
Alcoholic hepatitis takes years to occur and is irreversible. Can see presence of inflammatory cells in liver and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of alcoholic liver disease?

A

hepatomegaly

fatty deposits on liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the sings/symptoms of alcoholic heptitis?

A

RUQ pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what infections cause cirrhosis

A

Hep B
Hep C
EBV

17
Q

whats the most common transmission route for Hep C in the UK?

A

Intravenous drug use

18
Q

name 3 things that can be deposited in the liver?

A

copper
iron
fat

19
Q

what 3 things can lead to fat accumulating in the liver

A

Alcoholic fatty liver
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
non-alcoholic steatohepititis

20
Q

What is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

A

deposition of fat in the liver leading to inflammation and cirrhosis

21
Q

what is NAFLD

A

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. deposition of fat in the liver, resulting from insulin resistance

22
Q

What is hereditary haemochromatasis?

A

increase absorption of iron at the small intestine resulting in iron deposition in the liver. Increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Autosomal recessive. Venesection

23
Q

What is Wilsons disease?

A

decreased copper secretion from the biliary system into circulation. Increased deposition of copper in tissues. Decreased ceruloplasmin on blood test (seizures/CNS problems. Autosomal recessive

24
Q

why does excessive alcohol consumption result in a fatty liver?

A

Increased acetyl-CoA production (from acetate) cannot be oxidised due to low NAD+ levels, increased synthesis of fatty acids and ketones. Fatty acids transformed to TAG as beta oxidation cant take place.
TAGs not transported due to lower lipoprotein synthesis in the liver. TAGs deposited on liver tissue resulting in a fatty liver

25
Q

What autoimmune diseases cause cirrhosis?

A

autoimmune hepatitis
primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis

26
Q

what is PSC?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a long-term progressive disease of the liver and gallbladder characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts which normally allow bile to drain from the gallbladder.

27
Q

What ‘other’ causes are there for cirrhosis?

A

alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
glycogen storage disorders
budd chiari syndrome

28
Q

how do we treat patients with alcohol dependence?

A

reduce alcohol intake. disulfiram. CBT

GI Unit (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions