7.1 Life is Cellular

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

1. all living things are composed of living cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 2

prokaryotes/eukaryotes (ALL CELLS)

Answer 2

1. are surrounded by a cell membrane (barrier)

2. at some point all cells contain DNA

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

• controls many of the cell’s activities
• control center of cell

Question 4

eukaryotes

Answer 4

cells that contain a nucleus (ex. plants, animals)

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

cells that don’t contain a nucleus (ex. bacteria)

Question 6

characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 6

• contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is in
• generally larger and more complex
• contain dozens of structures and internal membranes
• highly specialized

Question 7

examples of eukaryotes

Answer 7

plants
animals
fungi
protists

Question 8

characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 8

• have genetic material that isn’t contained in a nucleus
• do not have a membrane bound organelles
• generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells

Question 9

examples of prokaryotes

Answer 9

bacteria

Question 10

ribosome

Answer 10

makes proteins

- small particles of RNA and protein found in cytoplasm

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins/lipid components are constructed

Question 12

Rough ER

Answer 12

ribosomes attached on surface

- makes proteins

Question 13

smooth ER

Answer 13

-does not have ribosomes on surface

contains specialized enzymes

Question 14

golgi apparatus

Answer 14

stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
- modifies, sorts and packages proteins

Question 15

lysosomes

Answer 15

filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
- acts as the cell’s cleanup crew

Question 16

vacuoles (storage containers)

Answer 16

sac-like structure that stores materials

Question 17

mitochondria

Answer 17

• has a double membrane
• nearly all eukaryote cells contain a mitochondria
• converts chemical energy in food into compounds that cell can use

Question 18

chloroplasts

Answer 18

• in charge of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• captures energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
• has a double membrane

Question 19

cytoskeleton

Answer 19

a network of protein filaments that helps cells with maintaining its shape and movement
- made up of microfilaments and microtubules

Question 20

microfilaments

Answer 20

thread-like structure made up of protein and supports the cell/ helps it move

Question 21

microtubules

Answer 21

hollow structure made up of proteins and maintains cell shape, build cilia and flagella, and forms centriols in cell division

Question 22

endocytosis

Answer 22

process of taking in material into cell

Question 23

exocytosis

Answer 23

process of material being forced out of cell