7.1 Life is Cellular Flashcards
cell theory
- all living things are composed of living cells
- cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- new cells are produced from existing cells
prokaryotes/eukaryotes (ALL CELLS)
- are surrounded by a cell membrane (barrier)
2. at some point all cells contain DNA
nucleus
contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)
- controls many of the cell’s activities
- control center of cell
eukaryotes
cells that contain a nucleus (ex. plants, animals)
prokaryotes
cells that don’t contain a nucleus (ex. bacteria)
characteristics of eukaryotes
- contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is in
- generally larger and more complex
- contain dozens of structures and internal membranes
- highly specialized
examples of eukaryotes
plants
animals
fungi
protists
characteristics of prokaryotes
- have genetic material that isn’t contained in a nucleus
- do not have a membrane bound organelles
- generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
examples of prokaryotes
bacteria
ribosome
makes proteins
- small particles of RNA and protein found in cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins/lipid components are constructed
Rough ER
ribosomes attached on surface
- makes proteins
smooth ER
-does not have ribosomes on surface
contains specialized enzymes
golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
- modifies, sorts and packages proteins
lysosomes
filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
- acts as the cell’s cleanup crew
vacuoles (storage containers)
sac-like structure that stores materials
mitochondria
- has a double membrane
- nearly all eukaryote cells contain a mitochondria
- converts chemical energy in food into compounds that cell can use
chloroplasts
- in charge of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- captures energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
- has a double membrane
cytoskeleton
a network of protein filaments that helps cells with maintaining its shape and movement
- made up of microfilaments and microtubules
microfilaments
thread-like structure made up of protein and supports the cell/ helps it move
microtubules
hollow structure made up of proteins and maintains cell shape, build cilia and flagella, and forms centriols in cell division
endocytosis
process of taking in material into cell
exocytosis
process of material being forced out of cell
