19.1 Bacteria

Question 1

what are the smallest and most common microorganisms

Answer 1

prokaryotes

Question 2

prokaryotes

Answer 2

unicellular orginisms that lack a nucleus

Question 3

what are the characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 3

• shape
• chemical nature of their cell walls
• the way they move
• the way they obtain energy

Question 4

what are the three differently shaped prokaryotes?

Answer 4

bacci -rod shaped
cocci - spiral shaped
spirilla - corkscrew shaped

Question 5

which bacteria live almost everywhere?

Answer 5

eubacteria

Question 6

which bacteria looks very similar to eubacteria?

Answer 6

archaebacteria

Question 7

what are the DNA sequences of archaebacteria similar to?

Answer 7

the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria
- archaebacteria may be the ancestors of eukaryotes

Question 8

gram staining

Answer 8

a method used to tell apart the two different types of cell walls that are found in prokaryotes

Question 9

gram-positive bacteria appear ____ when stained

Answer 9

violet

Question 10

gram-negative bacteria appear ____ when stained

Answer 10

pink

Question 11

how do prokaryotes move?

Answer 11

prokaryotes move in a variety of ways

Question 12

heterotrophs

Answer 12

organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms

Question 13

autotrophs

Answer 13

organisms that can make their own food

Question 14

chemoautotroph

Answer 14

organisms that make organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions

Question 15

photoautotroph

Answer 15

organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds

Question 16

chemoheterotroph

Answer 16

organism that takes in organic molecules and then breaks them down

Question 17

photoheterotroph

Answer 17

organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source

Question 18

peptidoglycan

Answer 18

a carbohydrate inside the cell wall

Question 19

methanogen

Answer 19

archaebacteria; produces methane gas and lives in swamps

Question 20

flagella

Answer 20

whip-like structure that help bacteria move

Question 21

obligate aerobes

Answer 21

organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen

Question 22

obligate anaerobes

Answer 22

organims that DO NOT require oxygen

Question 23

facultative anaerobes

Answer 23

organisms that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 24

how do bacteria replicate?

Answer 24

bacteria go through asexual reproduction called binary fission.

Question 25

binary fission

Answer 25

in asexual reproduction, a bacterium has grown so it nearly doubles, replicates its DNA, and divides in half producing two identical “daughter cells”

Question 26

in what process do bacteria exchange genetic information

Answer 26

conjugation

Question 27

when do endospores form?

Answer 27

spore formed by bacteria when growth conditions become unfavourable

Question 28

what do some soil bacteria convert for plants in nitrogen fixation?

Answer 28

some soil bacteria convert natural nitrogen gas into a form plants can use through a process called nitrogen fixation

Question 29

are prokaryotes usally smaller or larger than eukaryotic cells?

Answer 29

smaller

Question 30

what protects a prokaryotic cell from injury?

Answer 30

cell wall

Question 31

do bacteria cells have a nucleus and cell membrane?

Answer 31

NO,,,bacteria are prokaryotes so they DON'T have a nucleus, but they do have a cell membrane

Question 32

do prokaryotic cells have DNA?

Answer 32

YES, it just isn't contained in a nucleus

Question 33

what do bacteria need, energy-wise?

Answer 33

bacteria need a constant supply of energy which is released by the process of cellular respiration or fermentation or both

Question 34

fermentation

Answer 34

processes where cells release energy in the absence of oxygen (by breaking down glucose)