7.1 - 7.6 Flashcards
What is deamination
Removal of an amino group from an organic compound
Where is the origin of ammonia and organ of removal
Deamination of amino acids by liver and excretion by kidney
Origin of urea and organ of excretion
Deamination by liver and ammonia combined with carbon dioxide and excreted by kidneys
Origin of uric acid and organ of excretion
Product of the breakdown of nucleic acids, such as DNA and is excreted by kidneys
Origin of carbon dioxide and organ of excretion
Waste product of cellular respiration and excreted through lungs
Origin of bile pigments and organ of excretion
Breakdown of red blood cell pigment, hemoglobin and excreted through liver
Origin of lactic acid and organ of excretion
Product of anaerobic respiration and excreted through the liver
Origin of solid waste and organ of excretion
By product of digestible and indigestible material and excreted through large intestine
What is a Contractile Vacuole
Structure in unicellular organisms that maintains osmotic equilibrium by pumping fluid out from the cell
What are ureters
Tubes that conduct urine from kidneys to the bladder
What is the urethra
Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body
What is the cortex
Outer layer of the kidney
What is the medulla
Area inside of the cortex
Renal pelvis
Area where the kidney joins the ureter
What are nephrons
Functional units of the kidney
Afferent arterioles
Small branches that carry blood to the glomerulus
Glomerulus
High-pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration
Efferent arterioles
Small branches that carry blood away from the glomerulus to a capillary net
Peri tubular capillaries
Network of small blood vessels that surround the nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Cup like structure that surrounds the glomerulus
Proximal tubule
Section of nephron joining the Bowman’s capsule with the loop of Henle
Loop of Henle
Carries filtrate from the proximal tubule to distal tubule
Distal tubule
Conducts urine from the loop of Henle to the collecting duct
Collecting duct
Tube that carries urine from nephrons to the pelvis of a kidney
What are 3 solutes that can’t enter Bowman’s capsule
- Plasma Proteins
- Erythrocytes (blood cells)
- Platelets
What is filtration
Process where blood or body fluids pass through a selectively permeable membrane
What is reabsorption
Transfer of glomerular filtrate from the nephron back into capillaries
What is secretion
Movement of materials, such as ammonia and some drugs, from the blood back into the distal tubule
What is Interstitial Fluid
Fluid that surrounds the body cells
What is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Causes kidneys to increase water reabsorption
What are Osmoreceptors
Specialized nerve cells in the hypothalamus that detects changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood and surrounding extra cellular fluids (ECF)
What is Aldosterone
A hormone that increases Na+ reabsorption from the distal tubule and collecting duct
