71-105 Flashcards
HIS DEBS= X7
reasons for arrhythmia
Hypoxia Ischemia/Irritability Sympathetic Stimulation Drugs Electrolyte Bradycardia Stretch
Hypoxia may be caused by severe chronic __disease and __ among other reasons.
lung
PE
Ischemia may be caused by myocardial ___ and ___ for example.
infractions
myocarditis
Sympathetic Stimulation is caused by hyper-__, __ heart failure, __, and __, among other reasons.
hyperthyroidism
congestive
nervousness
exercise
Mention a drug that may facilitate arrhythmia
quinidine
Mentions 3 electrolytes that when disturbed may cause arrhythmia
potassium
calcium
magnesium
Bradytachycardia is also known as __ syndrome
sick sinus
Cardiac stretch-___ of the /, which is usually caused by cardiomyopathies/valvular disease may lead to arrhythmias.
hypertrophy
atria/ventricles
1 small square is __ mm and is equal to __ seconds
1
0.04
one heavy line is __ mm and equals __ seconds
5, 0.2
What are the 5 basic types of arrhythmias?
sinus origin ectopic rhythms re-entrant arrhythmias conduction blocks preexcitation
inspiration ___ the heart rate, while expiration ___ it.
accelerates
slows
Name two common causes for enhanced automaticity leading to ectopic rhythm: __ toxicity, and __ stimulation.
Digitalis toxicity
Beta adrenergic stimulation
what are the 4 questions when assessing rhythm?
1- normal P wave?
2- narrow/wide QRS?
3- P vs QRS?
4- regular/irregular?
Narrow QRS is < __ seconds, while wide QRS is > than __ seconds.
0.12
What does narrow QRS suggest?
A rhythm which originates from the AV node or above
Wide QRS suggests a rhythm that originates from the ___
ventricle
AV ____ can occur when the ___ wave and __ complex are uncorrelated.
dissociation
P
QRS
Where do atrial premature beats originate from?
the atria
Where do junctional premature beats originate from?
near the AV node
how can you distinguish between normal and premature P?
contour and timing
Junctional beats usually do not have a visible __ wave , but sometimes a __ one may be seen
P
retrograde
What are the 5 types of sustained supraventricular arrhythmias?
PSVT flutter fibrillation MAT PAT
what usually initiate PSVT?
premature supraventricular beat
Name 4 different clinical presentations of PSVT
palpitation
shortness of breath
dizziness
syncope
Name two different substances that can cause PSVT?
coffee and alcohol
What is usually the rate of PSVT?
150-250 beats per minute
what can you do to diagnose/terminate PSVT?
carotid massage
what is the heart rate in atrial flutter?
250-350
Where is the most common re-entrant circuit run in atrial flutter?
The anulus of the tricuspid valve
In atrial flutter we see flutter waves and no __ waves
P
Flutter waves can be describes as __-__ pattern
saw toothed
What is the most common block in atrial flutter? In what ratio?
AV block- 2:1 ratio
___ may increase the degree of the AV block in atrial flutter- it __ terminate the rhythm
carotid massage
won’t
Name 5 typical conditions associated with atrial flutter:
hypertension obesity DM electrolyte imbalances alcohol intoxication/drugs
