106-140 Flashcards
electrical ___ is very effective in restoring normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial flutter
cardioversion
Atrial fibrillation has an __ __ ventricular rate, usually between __-__ BPM and no __ wave
irregularly irregular
120-180
P
What is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the general population?
atrial fibrillation
what does MAT stand for?
multifocal atrial tachycardia
MAT is very common in patients with severe __ disease, but rarely requires ___.
pulmonary
treatment
MAT has an ___ rhythm
irregular
MAT has a __ wave before each __ complex
P
QRS
In order to identify MAT, one must find at least __ different __ waves morphologies
3
P
What does PAT stand for?
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
PAT has a __ rhythm with a rate of __-__ BPM
regular, 100-200
PSVT has ___ rhythm, P waves are __ (if visible), rate_-_, carotid massage will __ it.
regular
retrograde
150-250
terminate
Ventricular arrhythmias are rhythm disturbances arising __ the __ node.
below
AV
what is the most common ventricular arrhythmias?
PVC (premature ventricular contraction)
A run of _ or more PVC is called ___
3
ventricular tachycardia
In ventricular tachycardia the heart rate is usually between -. It is considered a medical ___.
120-200
emergency
Ventricular fibrillation is a ___ event seen almost solely in __ hearts. __ is necessary.
preterminal
dying
defibrillation
Torsade de pointes is usually seen in patients with prolonged __ intervals
QT
Prolonged QT can be caused by: X6
congenital hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypocalcemia MI drugs (antiarrhythmic/tricyclic..)
supraventricular arrhythmias are associated with a __ QRS, while ventricular with a __ QRS complex
narrow, wide
What are the 3 different locations for conduction block?
sinus, AV, BBB
First degree AV block is characterized by a prolonged__ in conduction at the__node or__
delay
AV
His bundle
diagnosis of 1st degree AV block requires PR interval > ___ seconds
0.2
1st degree AV block is a misnomer since there is only a __ in the __, not a block.
delay
conduction
In 1st degree AV block, each ___complex is preceded by a single __ wave
QRS
P
1st degree AV block is common in __ hearts, but also an early sign of ___ disease of the ___ system or transient manifestation of __/__ toxicity
normal, degenerative, conduction, myocarditis/drug
In 2nd degree AV block not every __ impulse is able to pass into the __.
atrial
ventricles
In 2nd degree AV block the P/QRS ratio is > __
1:1
Mobitz type 1 second degree AV block is also called ___
Wenckebach block
Wenckebach block is almost always due to block within the __ node
AV
Wenckebach: progressive ___ of the __ interval until __ is dropped.
prolongation, PR, QRS
Mobitz type II is usually due to a block below the __ node, in the bundle of __.
AV
HIS
Mobitz type II is an all or nothing conduction, in which __ complexes are dropped without __ of the __ interval
QRS
prolongation
PR
3rd degree AV block can be either at the __ node or __ it.
AV
below
In 3rd degree AV block no beats are conducted through the __. The __ and __ are driven by independent ___.
ventricles
atria
ventricles
pacemakers
In 3rd degree block we can see AV ___.
dissociation
