7: Troublesome Ireland: Tyrone's Rebellion, 1594-1603 Flashcards
Who was involved
-Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone – comes to resent English
-Hugh O’Donnell, Hugh Maguire – other Irishmen resentful of English incursions
-Sir Henry Bagenal – member of English gentry, keen to extend lands in Ulster, to Tyrone he represented the type of grasping and unscrupulous English incomers who used connections with Court to acquire more land. Power struggle between Bagenal and Tyrone.
Florence McCarthy – Munster, could muster 5000 fighting men, expected to be next leader of MacCarthy clan.
what was the battle of clontibret in 1595
English fort at Blackwater attacked by Irish, Lord Deputy Russell had just 1,100 men to use for defence, English sent 2000 men but only 1,616 arrived. Sir Henry Bagenal attempts to help besieged garrison, marched with 1,750 men to Newry, Tyrone launches series of assaults with 4000-strong army. Tyrone uses good tactics, hides welltrained musketmen on both sides of the road and fires on Bagenal from both sides. English suffer 31 deaths and 109 wounded.
What was the battle of yellowford in 1598
Tyrone besieges Blackwater Fort in June 1598, Ormond tried to respond but faced a rebel army of 5000 men. Ormond has to accept help from Bagenal
11th August Bagenal and troops attacked at Yellow Ford by Tyrone. Heavy English artillery stuck in boggy ground, Bagenal killed with 830 of his men, 400 wounded, 300 English deserters joined Irish. Out of 4,200 men Bagenal brought to Yellowford, 2,000 returned.
What was the collapse of the munster plantations
000 Munster settlers faced with sudden uprising, in a few days the Munster colony (which had taken 14 years to establish) had been destroyed Elizabeth sent 1,900 troops to protect Dublin and to stop Munster uprising spreading. Replaces Lord Burgh with Earl of Essex as LL of Ireland.
What was the battle of curlew pass 1599
Clifford sent by Essex to rescue O’Connor ay Collooney Castle (Connaught), ambushed by English force at Curlew pass, unfamiliar geography, had to flee. Clifford killed, O’Connor forced to surrender
Essex decided they could not longer attack Tyrone, English army suffering greatly. Elizabeth furious, ordered Essex to march to Ulster. Truce – Tyrone and Essex agreed that Tyrone could continue to occupy captured lands.
Essex makes poor military mistakes and is replaced by Mountjoy. Hugh Maguire is killed, weakened rebel control in Ulster.
Carew suppresses rebellions in Munster (with 3000 reinforcements)
Mountjoy attempts to gain control of Ulster, but Tyrone’s forces still too large – 75 Mountjoy’s men killed, 300 wounded
What was the battle of kinsale 1601
– Spanish troops arrive, but too late as Carew had suppressed rebellion in Munster. Mountjoy
besieged Kinsale with 7000 men by end of October 1601. Tyrone marches to Kinsale, arrives 21st December 1601 with 6,500 men. Mountjoy’s army trapped, lacked defences, cold and exhausted, men reduced to 6,600… 24th Dec Mountjoy launched surprise attack on Tyrone – Tyrone retreats back to Ulster
what was the siege of dunboy
– Carew launched brutal attack on the castle and MacGeohegan. Destroyed Dunboy to ensure it could
not be used to resist English in the future. Of the 143 men at the Dunboy garrison, none survived. Tyrone finally submitted to Mounjoy in 1603, and was recognised as Chief Lord of Ulster.
How did long term anglo irish relations contribute to the cause of the rebellion
Irish had very different government, cutoms; viewed as
primitive.
Henry breaks with Rome in 1530s, Irish still Catholic , leads to policy of conciliation
Mary appoints Earl of Sussex asLord Deputy, orders him to fortify the pale and encourage English settlers, civilise Irish through English customs
Elizabeth follows hard-line policy after 1569, attempts to establish Councils of Connaught and Munster 1569 and 71, unsuccessful as rebellions in Munster. Divides region into English-style counties
lands, God-given duty to convert Irish.
How did the incursions into ulster contribute to the rebellion
– Ulster traditionally controlled by O’Neil and O’Donnell clan, 1570s English encroach into Ulster, Earl of Essex establish settlement, O’Neill’s and O’Donnell’s resist plantations, 1574 200 members of O’Neill clan massacred at a feast invited to by English. Conciliatory approach with Ulster in 1580s, Hugh O’Neil accepts title of Earl of Tyrone, chieftains re-grant estates to English throne, become tenants.
how did the mismanagement of english irish chieftans contribute to the war
Maguire attacks English at Sligo, then attacks garrison as Monaghan, Tyrone captures him in October 1593, was not thanked by Sir Henry Bagenal. Wanted control of Ulster and would accept English style government in return, Earl of Ormond made Lord Deputy instead Appointments of minor English nobles, Lord Russell becomes lord deputy of Ireland – Irish chieftains feel they have nothing to lose Rebels May 1595
Religious tensions exacerbated resentment of English intervention – influx of Protestant settlers meant Irish looked for support from Spain. Tyrone’s loyalty to his Irish roots and Catholic faith were stronger than newer links to untrustworthy English government.
