Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno Final > 7 Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

7 Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Donor is B. Recipient is AxB. Transplant accepted or rejected?

A

Accept. Recipient AxB has both types of antigens, so it can accept a transplant with either A or B antigen, or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F HLA matching is critical for transplants?

A

True. Increases survival length. (more than 3 HLA mismatches is very bad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HLA types make a difference because they produces a different WHAT?

A

MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and Beta 2 components of MHC: Which contact the antigen?

A

alpha 1 and alpha 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F HLA types include many differences in alpha 3 component of MHC?

A

F. Alpha 1 and 2 differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a PRA test is what?

A

Pyro-Reactive Antibodies. It lets you know if people are sensitized to an organ. 120 wells with organ in it, then add serum of potential recipient to all the wells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If you do a PRA, and 50% of the wells are positive, what does this mean?

A

probablility this pt. will reject the graft is 50%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flow cytometry is what?

A

Fluorescence test showing which cells are positive for reactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F Mixed lymphocyte cultures are a reliable test?

A

False. Outdated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does mixed lymphocyte culture test work?

A

Take donor lymphocytes, irradiate them, mix with lymphocytes of potential recipient. If there is an MHC disparity, then cells will get killed, and we know we shouldn’t do the transplant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Serological HLA typing is a good way to test for transplant compatibility?

A

F. Outdated. (used to use pregnant serum, don’t know why he wants us to know that…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Luminex bead HLA typing is done how? Is this a good test?

A 
Coat the beads w/ MHC class 1 or class 2.
-Yes good test.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an autograft?

A

Organ from me to me.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an isograft?

A

Organ from a twin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an allograft?

A

transplant within species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a xenograft?

A

transplant from another species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what animal do we do xenografts from?

A

pig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What pig organs do we use now?

A

pancreatic islets, (possibly others?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is implantation dif. than transplantation?

A

It is dead tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensitization (prevents the success of transplants) to transplants is usually due to what?

A

Women being exposed to their childrens’ antigens at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If a mouse is NOT sensitized to a graft, how long will it take to reject?

A

10-14 days

22
Q

If a mouse is sensitized to a graft, how long will it take to reject?

A

3-7 days

23
Q

If I reject a graft, then we take my lymphocytes and give them to you, will you reject the graft?

A

Yes (thus we know lymphocytes are involved in rejection)

24
Q

Donor is AxB (both antigens), recipient is B. Graft success or fail?

A

Fail.

25
Q

What is a chimera?

A

Take hematopoietic stem cells from Bob. Give them to Joe. Once Joe accepts the hematopoietic cells, then he is conditioned and can accept ANY other transplant from Bob. There’s a catch though…

26
Q

What is the MOST immunogenic (most easily rejected) graft we can do?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (bone marrow)

27
Q

T/F MHC 1 on APC’s of a donated liver can present their antigens to the recipient?

A

True. This is “direct” presentation. Causes rejection.

28
Q

T/F MHC 2 on APC’s of a RECIPIENT can present donor antigens to the recipient?

A

True. This is “indirect” presentation. Causes rejection.

29
Q

If you stick a liver in a jar for a month before you give it to a recipient, will “direct presentation” still occur?

A

No, the donor’s antigen-presenting cells are all dead now.

30
Q

What host cells are responsible for killing transplants?

A

Primarily CD8 T cells. (direct presentation) CD4’s also respond. (indirect presentation)

31
Q

What is the site in a recipient where sensitization occurs?

A

lymph node

32
Q

If pt. starts to reject a graft, we give meds what kind of meds?

A

Steroids, to wipe out activated T cells

33
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of organ rejection?

A
  • Hyperacute
  • Acute
  • Chronic
34
Q

What causes hyperacute organ rejection?

A

Host is already sensitized (has Ab’s to graft). We get complement, vessel endothelial damage, inflammation and thrombosis

35
Q

What causes acute organ rejection?

A

Parenchymal (organ cell) damage, inflammation, vessel endothelial damage

36
Q

what do we do if a kidney fails within 24 hours?

A

Tell the patient to chill out and wait. It’s not actually failing yet.

37
Q

How fast is acute rejection?

A

6 months

38
Q

How fast is hyperacute rejection?

A

7 days

39
Q

How fast is chronic rejection?

A

longer than 6 months. 50 yrs for ex.

40
Q

What occurs in chronic rejection?

A

Slow Inflammation in vessel walls and occlusion (can see it histologically)

41
Q

mitogens cause what?

A

proliferation

42
Q

What is the great immunosuppressant for transplants now?

A

Cyclosporine

43
Q

Drug FK506 (immunosuppressant) is used for what?

A

liver transplants

44
Q

Blocking the IL-2 receptor on immune cells causes what?

A

Blocks activation

45
Q

What is a graft versus host reaction?

A

The donor tissue chunk attacks the recipient. It’s due to donor T cells

46
Q

What organ resists transplant rejection?

A

liver

47
Q

T/F tumors “control” immune cells, suppressing them?

A

T

48
Q

Which immune cells attack tumors?

A

CD 8

49
Q

How do tumors escape the immune system?

A
  • Loss of antigens
  • Don’t express MHC
  • Actively produce immunosuppressants
50
Q

T/F In HUMANS, if we take lymphocytes from near a tumor, multiply them, and transplant them back into the host, what happens?

A

Tumor regression, possibly… being studied right now.

51
Q

T/F Transplanting 10 organs at once into a recipient is a good way to prevent rejection?

A

True… (overwhelms the immune system so that it doesn’t produce a response)

Immuno Final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions