Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno Final > 1 Adaptive Immunity to Microbes > Flashcards

1 Adaptive Immunity to Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

What immune system eliminates normal flora or other non-pathogens that enter host?

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The bacteria that are usually eliminated by innate immunity have what characteristics?

A
  1. non-encapsulated
  2. activated by alternative complement
  3. PMNs/Macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T-F–The bacteria eliminated by the innate immune system cannot cause serious illnesses?

A

False- they can in immune compromised individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What pathogen is the number one cause of bloodstream infections?

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells make up the humoral a portion of the immune system and are antigen specific?

A

B lymphocytes and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells make up the Cellular immune system and are antigen specific?

A

T-Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells make up the humoral immune system that are antigen non-specific?

A

ACUTE: PMN/complement
CHRONIC:macrophages/complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells make up the cellular immune system and are antigen non-specific?

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major categories of microbes?

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Bacteria?

A

Toxigenic extracellular
Non-toxigenic extracellular
Intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In regards to microbial immunity, what are the major things antibodies do alone?

A
  1. neutralize exotoxins

2. Neutralize some viruses and some obligate intracellular bacteria during their extracellular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In regards to microbial immunity, what does antibody opsonization accomplish (what cells microbial classification does it attack)?

A

effective against extracellular bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What microbial classification is attacked by CD4 T cell activating macrophages? 4 of them

A
  1. intracellular bacteria
  2. Fungi
  3. Protozoa and other parasites?
  4. Maybe some viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does IgE eliminate pathogens>

A

According to the powerpoint, it does not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What microbial classifications are attacked by CD8 T cells?

A
  1. Listeria monocytogenes (and some other bad)
  2. MOST VIRUSES
  3. TRANSPLANTS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is needed for protection against most potent exotoxins?

A

vaccination [they are often too toxic to stimulate the immune response i.e. diphtheria, tetanus….]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are toxoids useful?

A

In creating vaccines [they are inactivated toxins and retain immunogenicity]

18
Q

What toxins target the immune system and resist antibody responses?

A

staph aureus
strep pyogenes
[hence, remain susceptible to illness even upon recovery]

19
Q

What are the 3 types of super antigens?

A
  1. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1
  2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins A-X
  3. Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxins A-C, G-L, superantigen and mitogenic exotoxin
20
Q

How many T cells are activated by antigen in comparison to super antigen?

A 
Antigen= 1/10,000
Superantigen= 50%

[This is why the antigen response is controlled and the super antigen response includes massive cytokine release and toxic shock]

21
Q

What is used for a treatment for Kawasaki Syndrome, strep toxic shock syndrome, some staph toxic shock, and post exposure prevention of Hep A?

A

intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG]

pool of antibodies mainly IgG from volunteer donors

22
Q

What toxins has the military stockpiled IVIG agains from vaccinated soldiers?

A

anthrax and aerosolized superantigens

23
Q

Is IVIG used for passive or active protection?

A

passive

24
Q

Slide 10-14 have a ton of pathogens you could potentially look at. He didn’t say to memorize them all, but it might be worth just glancing over to make sure you know what category they fit in. What category is gram + and gram - bacteria?

A

Extracellular [Ab based immunity]

I shared this one because he seemed to really emphasize it.

25
Q

What microbial immune systems play a major role for viruses?

A

CD8, Ab, and some CD4–>Macropahge

26
Q

What microbial system handles all of the fungi

A

CD4 activated macrophages

27
Q

What microbial defense immune system handles protozoa?

A

CD4 activated macrophages

28
Q

What microbial defense immune system handles helminths?

A

No system really

29
Q

Acute infections usually result in significant inflammation, what immune pathway dominates?

A

antibody with complement and PMNs

30
Q

The itis infections are usually by what immune system response?

A

opsonization- extracellular pathogens [otitis media, meningitis etc]

31
Q

What immune response usually takes place for the osis named chronic infections?

A

Abs fail and the T cell immune system remains—infections usually have granulomas associated

32
Q

What happens in chronic granulomatous disease?

A

humoral immunity fails, CD4 T cells cause granulomas without controlling staph infection

33
Q

the appearance of antibodies in primary immune responses is not completely even, what antibody is predominant at day 4 and which one starts taking over after day 7?

A

IgM and then IgG takes over

34
Q

The appearance of antibodies in memory responses is uneven. Which one is the most predominant on day 4?

A

IgG by a lot! IgM is still there in the normal amount

35
Q

In a T independent memory response with IgM only antibodies…what does the bacterial polysaccharide polymer induce in the B lymphocyte?

A
  1. capping of the Ig-Ag
  2. Differentiate in Plasma cells
  3. secrete mainly IgM
36
Q

What is the major B cell response in the T dependent pathway of activation? Can they respond to only polysaccharides?

A
  1. Secretes IgM and then switches to IgG etc. MEMORY B CELLS—- MEMORY RESPONSE. \
  2. They can respond to proteins, polysacc, DNA and other molecules
37
Q

What does CD4 T cells release in order to activate macrophages in CD4 T cell macrophage immunity?

A

Interferon y— IFy

38
Q

What does CD4 T cell activated macrophages primarily kill?

A

bacteria that can live intracellularly, fungi, protozoa and some viruses

39
Q

When does CD8 cells recognize something to kill?

A

MHC class 1 on a host cell with presentation of a viral component

40
Q

Do you need to have MHCII and MHCI to make the CD8 mediated pathway to work?

A

yes [MHC II on the APC with the foreign antigen activating the CD4 T cell which activates CD8 with IL-2 and MHC I on the non-immune cell with foreign antigen]

Immuno Final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions