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2=Haematology > 7. Transfusion science > Flashcards

7. Transfusion science Flashcards

1
Q

if RBC contain Ag, where are the Ab to these Ag?

A

blood plasma

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2
Q

from 1937-1939, what was added to blood samples to improve its viability of RBC?

A

glucose

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3
Q

what type of molecules are blood group Ag carried on?

A

glycoproteins

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4
Q

where are BG Ag located?

A

RBC membrane

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5
Q

what type of Ab are produced by an immune response?

A

IgG

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6
Q

what 2 things can stimulate an immune response to produce IgG Ab?

A

blood transfusion, pregnancy

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7
Q

what type of Ab are naturally occuring?

A

IgM

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8
Q

what can incompatible ABO transfusion lead to?

A

IV haemolysis - causing a build up of free Hb which can lead to acute renal failure

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9
Q

can naturally occuring IgM cause a reaction with incompatible blood?

A

yes

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10
Q

can IgM cross the placenta?

A

no

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11
Q

what is the max number of BG Ag that can be on the RBC surface?

A

2 - A or B

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12
Q

what BG are people wihtout any RBC membrane Ag?

A

O

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13
Q

name 4 BGs

A

A, B , O, AB

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14
Q

what Ab would be present in the plasma of a person with BG A?

A

Anti-B

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15
Q

what Ab would be present in the plasma of a person with BG B?

A

Anti-A

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16
Q

what Ab would be present in the plasma of a person with BG AB?

A

none

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17
Q

what Ab would be present in the plasma of a person with BG O?

A

anti A and Anti B

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18
Q

which is the universal donor?

A

O

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19
Q

which is the univeral acceptor?

A

AB

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20
Q

which parent do you inherit your BG from?

A

both

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21
Q

which BG’s genes are dominant?

A

A and B

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22
Q

which BG Genes are reccessive?

A

O

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23
Q

Is someone has the genotype AO, what BG would they be?

A

A

24
Q

Is someone has the genotype BO, what BG would they be?

A

B

25
Q

Is someone has the genotype AB, what BG would they be?

A

AB

26
Q

Is someone has the genotype OO, what BG would they be?

A

O

27
Q

the expression of BG is controlled on how many separate genetic loci? what are they?

A

3

  1. ABO on Ch19
  2. H on Ch19 (FUT1)
  3. Secretor gene on Ch19 (FUT2)
28
Q

the O gene is an AMORPH. what does this mean?

A

there is no active gene producted - it is a silent gene. No detectable Ag is produced?

29
Q

which Ag is a precursor of A and B Ags?

A

H antigen

30
Q

what type of molecules are A, B, H AG?

A

oligosaccharides

31
Q

what is the secretor gene in?

A

secretions - sweat, saliva, semen

32
Q

biochemistry of Ag O

A

n-acetylgalactosamine
d-galactose
N-acetylglucosamine
L-frucose

33
Q

biochemistry of Ag A?

A

Ag O + N-acetylglactosamine

34
Q

biochemistry of Ag B?

A

Ag O + D-galactose

35
Q

what do subtypes of AB groups depend on?

A

variability of A, B and H Ag on RBC surface

36
Q

2 Rh group possibilies/?

A

+ve or -ve

37
Q

6 alleles of Rh groups

A

C c D d E e

38
Q

which Rh alleles are dominant?

A

all are co-dominant

39
Q

which Rh is AMORPH? - why?

A

d - it doesnt produce a g Ag of anti-d Ab

40
Q

which 2 genes code for all Rh alleles? which Ch are they on?

A

RhD and RhCE - Ch1

41
Q

what does Rh +ve mean?

A

Rh D+ve - the RhD gene is present

42
Q

what does Rh -ve mean?

A

Rh D-ve - the RhD gene is absent

43
Q

major disorder associated with Rh D Ag?

A

haemolytic disease of the newborn

44
Q

is the Anti-D Ab naturally occuring? what type of Ab is it then?

A

no - must be IgG

45
Q

at what temp does the Ab react?

A

37

46
Q

is Anti-D able to cross the placenta?

A

yes

47
Q

which Rh system is used in the UK?

A

Fisher’s CDE system

48
Q

how many haplotypes does Fisher’s CDE system produce?

A

8

49
Q

other than Fisher’s CDE system, what is the other model?

A

two-locus model

50
Q

what are the genes involved in the two-locus mode?

A

RhD and RhCE

51
Q

how many haplotypes does the two-locus model produce?

A

8

52
Q

7 other BGs

A
  1. Kell
  2. Kidd
  3. Duffy
  4. Lewis
  5. MNS
  6. P
  7. Lutheran
53
Q

are the these BG naturally occuring or occur as an immune response? what types of Ab would they be then?

  1. Kell
  2. Kidd
  3. Duffy
  4. Lewis
  5. MNS
  6. P
  7. Lutheran
A

produced as immune response - IgG

54
Q

how to test blood prior to transfusion for matching?

A
  1. match ABO BG
  2. add donor blood to recipient
  3. check for coagulation -
    i) no coag = no Ab = safe
    ii) coag = anti-Ab (alloAb) are present = not safe
55
Q

what are you testing for in the recipient blood? Ag or Ab?

A

Ab - so donor blood isnt destroyed

56
Q

if recipient had Anti-K Abs, what donor blood would you give it ?

A

K-ve blood

2=Haematology (9 decks)

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