7 The arthropods Flashcards
Arthropods is largest phylum of animal kingdoms. Have exoskeleton composed of rigid cuticle, which contains chitin, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Examples crustaceans, centipedes, insects, ticks, and mites
What are examples of blood feeding arthropods
Mosquitoes Midges Biting flies Bugs Fleas Ticks Mites - chiggers
Some feed briefly (mosquitoes), others for a while (ticks), and some for much longer (scabies/ human botfly)
Arthropods also transmit pathogens during feeding.
How do insects avoid insecticide?
Most vector borne disease treatment is aimed at preventing transmission.
Vectors have fought back:
- changing metabolism so enzyme detoxify, destroy or excrete the insecticide more rapidly
- modifying site at which insecticide acts, to prevent binding or interacting there
- by developing barriers to penetration in their outer cuticle, thus slowing absorption of insecticide into their tissues.
Which viruses are transmitted by arthropods?
Zika - mosquitoes Dengue - mosquitoes Yellow fever - mosquitoes Encephalitidies - mosquitoes, ticks Haemorrhagic fever - ticks, mosquitoes
Which bacteria are transmitted by arthropods?
Excluding rickettsias
Yersinia pestis - plague. Fleas
Borrelia recurrentis - relapsing fever. Soft ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi - lyme disease. Hard ticks
Which rickettsia bacteria are transmitted by arthropods?
Orientia tsutsugamushi - scrub typhus. Larval mites
R. Prowazekii - epidemic typhus. Lice/ ticks
R Typhi - endemic murine typhus. Fleas
R. Rickettsii - spotted fever. Ticks
R akari - rickettsial pox. Mites
Which protozoa are transmitted by arthropods?
Trypanosoma Cruzi - Chagas disease. Reduviid bug
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense - African. Tsetse fly
Trypanosoma brucei - African. Tsetse fly
Plasmodium - malaria. Mosquito
Leishmaniasis - leishmaniasis. Sandfly
Which helminths are transmitted by arthropods?
Wuchereria/ brugia - lymphatic filariasis. Mosquito
Onchocerca - onchocerciasis. Simulium flies
Loa loa - loiasis - chrysops flies
