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Control > 7 - spinal cord and spinal nerves > Flashcards

7 - spinal cord and spinal nerves Flashcards

1
Q

collections of cells bodys in CNS and PNS?

A

CNS - cortex and nucleus

PNS - ganglion

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2
Q

collections of axons (white matter) in CNS and PNS?

A

CNS - tracts, fascicle

PNS - nerve

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3
Q

where does the spinal cord end?

A

LI-LII (as conus medullaris)

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4
Q

is the spinal cord part of CNS or PNS?

A

CNS (but spinal nerves are part of the PNS)

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5
Q

where is the spinal cord the thickest?

A

cervical and lumbar enlargement

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6
Q

light coloured extension of the pia mater that anchors spinal cord to coccyx

A

filum terminale

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7
Q

the bunch of nerves that come off the conus medullaris is the …

A

cauda equina

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8
Q

what is the lumbar cistern and where is it?

A

LI/II to S1 - this is where there is subararchnoid space with cauda equina bathed in CSF

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9
Q

where is conus medullaris?

A

L1/2

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10
Q

where does spinal nerve C1 leave the column?

A

above vertebra CI, which why in the cervical region respective spinal nerves leave above the vertebra. Transition: C8 leaves below CVII –> respective thoracic spinal nerves leave below the vertebra

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11
Q

do respective spinal nerves leave above or below in cervical region

A

above (e.g. C1 above CI, C2 above CII etc)

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12
Q

do respective spinal nerves leave above or below their thoracic/lumbar etc vertebrae?

A

below (e.g. T1 below TI etc)

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13
Q

through where in the vertebrae do spinal nerves leave the column?

A

intervertebral foramen

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14
Q

As each spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal it takes with it the meningeal coverings. These go onto form the …

A

epineurium

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15
Q

which of these spaces are real in the spinal meninges?
epidural
subdural
subarachnoid

A

epidural - fat
(subdural is potential)
subarachnoid - CSF

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16
Q

where is the conus meduallrs at birth and in adulthood?

A

birth - L2/3
adult - L1/2
so keeps extending even after birth

17
Q

where do you retrieve CSF from? Safest place for needle?

A 
Lumbar cistern (cauda equina move out of way)
L3/4 or L4/5 - pierce ligamentum flavum (spinous processes)
18
Q

blood supply of spinal cord. Think

  • anterior
  • posterior
  • what does the aorta give off?
  • reinforcers?
  • deep SC and supplier of nerves
A
  • the ant spinal travels in anterior median fissure > supplies anterior SC
  • 2 post spinal - travel in post lat sulci
  • segmental a - different given off by aorta depending on where in body
  • medullary a - reinforces ant spinal
  • radicular a - deep SC and also supplies nerves
19
Q

divisions of white matter in the SC

A

Dorsal, lateral, ventral white columns

ventral white commissure

20
Q

divisions of grey matter in the SC. What do they do?

A

dorsal - cell bodies of sensory
lateral - neurones for autonomic control (T1-L2, S1-S4)
ventral horns - cell bodies of motor

21
Q

where is the lateral horn of the SC found?

A

T1-L2

S2-S4

22
Q

the different parts that form or come from a segmental spinal nerve

A

dorsal and ventral roots –> (dorsal root and ganglion) (only root, no ganglion for ventral) –> dorsal and ventral roots join to form spinal nerve

23
Q

difference between visceral and somatic sensory

A

som - from skin and skeletal muscles

vis - form internal organs, glands, blood vessels. usually pain/reflex signals

24
Q

why is SC the reflex centre?

A

has interneurones, so can bypass brain

25
Q

why do the cross sections of cervical and lumbar enlargements look different?

A

enlarged ventral grey horns - because have to give motor control to UL and LL

26
Q

when you can see 2 dorsal columns on either side of midline, you are…

27
Q

which is more medial? Cuneate or gracile? What are they sensory for?

A

Gracile. Cuneate only above T6 and is lateral
gracile - LL sensory
cuneate - UL sensory

28
Q

thoracic cross section will have…

A

enlarged ventral grey horn
lateral horn
cuneate fascile

29
Q

what Rexed lamina is substantia gelatinosa?

30
Q

what is special about each Rexed lamina?

A

specific neurones synapse in specific lamina (not all areas present along whole length)

31
Q

coritcospinal tracts are for what sort of movement?

A

voluntary (there is a ventral and lateral)

32
Q

what are the modalities and is it ipsi/contralateral - dorsal column pathway

A

Fine touch, vibration, pressure, joint position sense

ipsilateral

33
Q

what are the modalities and is it ipsi/contralateral - spinothalamic pathway?

A

Crude touch, pain
and temperature

contralateral

34
Q

what are the modalities and is it ipsi/contralateral - LATERAL corticospinal tract

A

voluntary movement

ipsilateral

35
Q

what are the modalities and is it ipsi/contralateral - VENTRAL corticospinal pathway

A

voluntary movement

contralateral

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