1+2 - Intro to brain, blood supply and meninges Flashcards
anatomical subdivisions of the brain
cerebrum (telencephalon, diencephalon), brainstem (M, P, MO), cerebellum, spinal cord
what is the diencephalon and what does it include?
inner brain
thalamus and hypothalamus
role of thalamus
relay station between brainstem , spinal cord and cerebral cortex
function of hypothalamus
controls ANS
which end of the neural tube bends and forms the brain?
rostral
primary brain vesicles
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomencephalon
secondary brain vesicles
prosencephalon –> ?
mesencephalon –> ?
rhomencephalon –> ?
prosencephalon –> telencephalon, diencephalon
mesencephalon –> .
rhomencephalon –> metencephalon, myelencephalon
vesicle that formed the midbrain?
mesencephalon
what does the metencephlon form?
pons and cerebellum
myelencephalon –>?
medulla
vestigial = central canal of spinal cord
central canal of spinal cord
located within the dural infoldings are the
dural sinuses
which artery must you consider in the fracture of pterium?
middle meningeal
dural infolding between cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
dural infolding between occiptal lobes and cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli
dural infolding between cerebellar hemispheres
falx cerebelli
dural sinuses receive venous blood from the brain and drain into…
internal jugular veins
which sinus is blood drained into before ultimately draining into IJV
sigmoid sinus
where are the dural sinuses located?
between periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater, in some places (not throughout)
space between dura and arachnoid mater is called
subdural space (thin space)
space between the pia and arachnoid mater is the
subarachnoid space
what is contained in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
is the epidural space in spinal (between dura and vertebrae) real or potential?
real - filled with fat
extensions of pia mater, attached to arachnoid (and dura). Holds SC in place.
denticulate ligament
torn meningeal artery –> what type of haemorrhage?
epidural
torn bridging veins –>
subdural haemorrhage
torn cerebral arteries –>
subarachnoid haemorrhage
two pairs of arteries that are connected by the circle of Willis
vertebral and internal carotid
what artery ascends in the neck through transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?
vertebral artery
what forms the basilar artery at the base of the skull?
vertebral a
internal carotid a, which also supply the Circle of Willis, is a branch of which artery?
common carotid
what does the circle of willis surround?
optic chiasm and hypothalamus
constituents of circle of willis
anterior, middle, posterior cerebral a’s.
anterior & posterior communicating a’s.
internal carotid a’s and the basilar a.
branches of vertebral artery
○ Anterior spinal artery
○ Posterior spinal arteries (paired)
○ Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)
branches of basilar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA) - supply anterior and inferior aspect of the cerebellum
Pontine arteries - supply the pons
Superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) - supply posterior aspect of the cerebellum
Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) - terminal branch and supplies the occipital lobe and inferior and medial surface of the temporal lobe
what branches does the ICA supply?
middle and anterior cerebral
supply the superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal lobes as well as corpus callosum
anterior cerebral a
supply the lateral areas of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
middle cerebral a
rupture of berry aneurysm –> bleeding in what space?
subarachnoid
what is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?
superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal
corpus callosum
MCA supply?
lateral areas frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
PCA supply?
occipital lobe
inferior and medial temporal lobe
what supplies the deep nuclei, deep grey matter, internal capsule and major motor descending pathway?
striate arteries (delicate)
areas prone to watershed stroke
ACA-MCA
MCA-PCA
rostral =
anterior
cephalic flexure =
100 degree flexure between midbrain and diencephalon
