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Control > 1+2 - Intro to brain, blood supply and meninges > Flashcards

1+2 - Intro to brain, blood supply and meninges Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical subdivisions of the brain

A

cerebrum (telencephalon, diencephalon), brainstem (M, P, MO), cerebellum, spinal cord

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2
Q

what is the diencephalon and what does it include?

A

inner brain

thalamus and hypothalamus

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3
Q

role of thalamus

A

relay station between brainstem , spinal cord and cerebral cortex

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4
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

controls ANS

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5
Q

which end of the neural tube bends and forms the brain?

A

rostral

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6
Q

primary brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomencephalon

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7
Q

secondary brain vesicles
prosencephalon –> ?
mesencephalon –> ?
rhomencephalon –> ?

A

prosencephalon –> telencephalon, diencephalon
mesencephalon –> .
rhomencephalon –> metencephalon, myelencephalon

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8
Q

vesicle that formed the midbrain?

A

mesencephalon

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9
Q

what does the metencephlon form?

A

pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

myelencephalon –>?

A

medulla

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11
Q

vestigial = central canal of spinal cord

A

central canal of spinal cord

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12
Q

located within the dural infoldings are the

A

dural sinuses

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13
Q

which artery must you consider in the fracture of pterium?

A

middle meningeal

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14
Q

dural infolding between cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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15
Q

dural infolding between occiptal lobes and cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

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16
Q

dural infolding between cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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17
Q

dural sinuses receive venous blood from the brain and drain into…

A

internal jugular veins

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18
Q

which sinus is blood drained into before ultimately draining into IJV

A

sigmoid sinus

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19
Q

where are the dural sinuses located?

A

between periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater, in some places (not throughout)

20
Q

space between dura and arachnoid mater is called

A

subdural space (thin space)

21
Q

space between the pia and arachnoid mater is the

A

subarachnoid space

22
Q

what is contained in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

23
Q

is the epidural space in spinal (between dura and vertebrae) real or potential?

A

real - filled with fat

24
Q

extensions of pia mater, attached to arachnoid (and dura). Holds SC in place.

A

denticulate ligament

25
Q

torn meningeal artery –> what type of haemorrhage?

A

epidural

26
Q

torn bridging veins –>

A

subdural haemorrhage

27
Q

torn cerebral arteries –>

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

28
Q

two pairs of arteries that are connected by the circle of Willis

A

vertebral and internal carotid

29
Q

what artery ascends in the neck through transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?

A

vertebral artery

30
Q

what forms the basilar artery at the base of the skull?

A

vertebral a

31
Q

internal carotid a, which also supply the Circle of Willis, is a branch of which artery?

A

common carotid

32
Q

what does the circle of willis surround?

A

optic chiasm and hypothalamus

33
Q

constituents of circle of willis

A

anterior, middle, posterior cerebral a’s.
anterior & posterior communicating a’s.
internal carotid a’s and the basilar a.

34
Q

branches of vertebral artery

A

○ Anterior spinal artery
○ Posterior spinal arteries (paired)
○ Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)

35
Q

branches of basilar artery

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA) - supply anterior and inferior aspect of the cerebellum
Pontine arteries - supply the pons
Superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) - supply posterior aspect of the cerebellum
Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) - terminal branch and supplies the occipital lobe and inferior and medial surface of the temporal lobe

36
Q

what branches does the ICA supply?

A

middle and anterior cerebral

37
Q

supply the superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal lobes as well as corpus callosum

A

anterior cerebral a

38
Q

supply the lateral areas of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

A

middle cerebral a

39
Q

rupture of berry aneurysm –> bleeding in what space?

A

subarachnoid

40
Q

what is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

A

superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal

corpus callosum

41
Q

MCA supply?

A

lateral areas frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

42
Q

PCA supply?

A

occipital lobe

inferior and medial temporal lobe

43
Q

what supplies the deep nuclei, deep grey matter, internal capsule and major motor descending pathway?

A

striate arteries (delicate)

44
Q

areas prone to watershed stroke

A

ACA-MCA

MCA-PCA

45
Q

rostral =

A

anterior

46
Q

cephalic flexure =

A

100 degree flexure between midbrain and diencephalon

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