6 - Localisation

Question 1

what is localisation?

Answer 1

the functional organisation of the brain

Question 2

the cerebral hemispheres are folded into what sort of arrangement?

Answer 2

laminar

Question 3

what are the frontal sulci and what gyri do they form?

Answer 3

superior and inferior sulci

form superior, middle and inferior gyri

Question 4

how many temporal sulci and gyri are there?

Answer 4

2 sulci - superior, inferior

3 gyri - sup, mid, inf (just like frontal)

Question 5

cingulate sulcus and gyrus forms the roof of what?

Answer 5

corpus callosum

Question 6

where is the calcarine sulcus found? What view is it seen in?

Answer 6

occipital lobe

medial view

Question 7

the parahippocampal gyrus is formed by the…

Answer 7

collateral sulcus

Question 8

the parahippocampal gyrus folds back on itself to form the..

Answer 8

uncus

Question 9

The limbic lobe consists of the…

Answer 9

cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the uncus. The area behind the corpus callosum is also part of it

Question 10

where does the olfactory bulb synapse in order to bypass the thalamus?

Answer 10

the uncus

Question 11

what is the limbic system important for?

Answer 11

emotion and memory

Question 12

what forms the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 12

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 13

Brodmann’s areas are 46 divisions of the cortex that are based on what?

Answer 13

cellular organization of cerebral cortex

Specific areas of cortex are believed to carry out specific functions

Question 14

what is a sensory primary projection area?

Answer 14

specific sensory pathways terminate here, perceived sensation

Question 15

what are primary motor areas?

Answer 15

specific motor pathways originate here

Question 16

where is the location of primary projection area for general sensory?

Answer 16

post-central gyrus

Question 17

where is the location of primary projection area for visual?

Answer 17

either side of calcarine sulcus (striate cortex)

Question 18

where is the location of primary projection area for auditory?

Answer 18

Heschl’s gyrus (superior temporal gyri)

Question 19

where is the location of primary projection area for olfactory?

Answer 19

uncus

Question 20

where is the location of primary projection area for gustatory

Answer 20

inferior post-central gyrus

Question 21

where is the location of primary motor cortex?

Answer 21

pre-central gyrus

Question 22

association motor areas - supplementary motor and pre-motor (learned complex motor activities and the storage of them) is located where?

Answer 22

anterior to the primary motor cortex (SM more medial)

Question 23

Visual association motor area (controls voluntary scanning movements of eyes) and where is it found?

Answer 23

Frontal eye field

BA8 - intersection of middle frontal gyrus and pre-central gyrus

Question 24

where is Broca’s area located?

Answer 24

inferior frontal gyrus on dominant hemisphere (opp to dom hand))

Question 25

function of Broca’s area?

Answer 25

Regulates pattern of breathing and vocalization needed for normal speech

Question 26

Different areas of the thalamus receive information related to different parts of the body:

Which part of thalamus gets sensory input from leg, arm, face? Where do they project?

Answer 26

Lateral VPL - leg, projects to midline
Medial VPL - arm, projects to lateral region
VPM - face, projects to lateral region

Question 27

Function of association somatosensory areas? Where is it located? Give an example of condition cause by lesion>

Answer 27

interpreting, understanding, recognising. Spatial analysis.
superior parietal lobe
tactile agnosia

Question 28

once sound is heard, where in the thalamus does info go before being relayed to superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 28

Medial geniculate nucleus

Question 29

sound is tonotopically organised onto primary auditory complex (Sup Temp Gyr). Higher frequencies are more…

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

where is Wernicke’s area found?

Answer 30

association auditory cortex (BA22) in dominant hemisphere

Question 31

what does Wernicke’s area do?

Answer 31

interpretation of written or spoken word

Question 32

visual informaton goes to what part of the thalamus?

Answer 32

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 33

what surrounds the primary visual cortex and interprets what was just seen?

Answer 33

association visual cortex (BA18, 19)

Question 34

lesion in association visual cortex leads to?

Answer 34

prognosia (problems with facial recognition)

Question 35

what cortex is deep in the lateral sulcus, extends from post-central gyrus in an area called insula?

Answer 35

taste cortex

Question 36

name the two general association cortex (complex behaviour and functioning)

Answer 36

prefrontal cortex

parieto-temporal cortex

Question 37

functions of prefrontal cortex?

Answer 37

Regulates moods and feelings
Involved in higher order cognitive functions
Conceptualisation, planning, judgement
lesions –> impulsive behaviour

Question 38

functions of parieto-temporal cortex?

Answer 38

Integrates information of different modalities

Involved in memory

Question 39

what connects Wernicke’s (22) and Broca’s (44, 45)?

Answer 39

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 40

conduction aphasia?

Answer 40

Impaired repetition

Comprehension and fluency intact

Question 41

Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 41

Inability to correctly articulate speech

Will understand, would know what to say (can write it down), but can’t articulate

Question 42

Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 42

Inability to understand language

Speak fluently, but don’t make sense