6 - Localisation Flashcards
what is localisation?
the functional organisation of the brain
the cerebral hemispheres are folded into what sort of arrangement?
laminar
what are the frontal sulci and what gyri do they form?
superior and inferior sulci
form superior, middle and inferior gyri
how many temporal sulci and gyri are there?
2 sulci - superior, inferior
3 gyri - sup, mid, inf (just like frontal)
cingulate sulcus and gyrus forms the roof of what?
corpus callosum
where is the calcarine sulcus found? What view is it seen in?
occipital lobe
medial view
the parahippocampal gyrus is formed by the…
collateral sulcus
the parahippocampal gyrus folds back on itself to form the..
uncus
The limbic lobe consists of the…
cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the uncus. The area behind the corpus callosum is also part of it
where does the olfactory bulb synapse in order to bypass the thalamus?
the uncus
what is the limbic system important for?
emotion and memory
what forms the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes?
parieto-occipital sulcus
Brodmann’s areas are 46 divisions of the cortex that are based on what?
cellular organization of cerebral cortex
Specific areas of cortex are believed to carry out specific functions
what is a sensory primary projection area?
specific sensory pathways terminate here, perceived sensation
what are primary motor areas?
specific motor pathways originate here
where is the location of primary projection area for general sensory?
post-central gyrus
where is the location of primary projection area for visual?
either side of calcarine sulcus (striate cortex)
where is the location of primary projection area for auditory?
Heschl’s gyrus (superior temporal gyri)
where is the location of primary projection area for olfactory?
uncus
where is the location of primary projection area for gustatory
inferior post-central gyrus
where is the location of primary motor cortex?
pre-central gyrus
association motor areas - supplementary motor and pre-motor (learned complex motor activities and the storage of them) is located where?
anterior to the primary motor cortex (SM more medial)
Visual association motor area (controls voluntary scanning movements of eyes) and where is it found?
Frontal eye field
BA8 - intersection of middle frontal gyrus and pre-central gyrus
where is Broca’s area located?
inferior frontal gyrus on dominant hemisphere (opp to dom hand))
function of Broca’s area?
Regulates pattern of breathing and vocalization needed for normal speech
Different areas of the thalamus receive information related to different parts of the body:
Which part of thalamus gets sensory input from leg, arm, face? Where do they project?
Lateral VPL - leg, projects to midline
Medial VPL - arm, projects to lateral region
VPM - face, projects to lateral region
Function of association somatosensory areas? Where is it located? Give an example of condition cause by lesion>
interpreting, understanding, recognising. Spatial analysis.
superior parietal lobe
tactile agnosia
once sound is heard, where in the thalamus does info go before being relayed to superior temporal gyrus?
Medial geniculate nucleus
sound is tonotopically organised onto primary auditory complex (Sup Temp Gyr). Higher frequencies are more…
posterior
where is Wernicke’s area found?
association auditory cortex (BA22) in dominant hemisphere
what does Wernicke’s area do?
interpretation of written or spoken word
visual informaton goes to what part of the thalamus?
lateral geniculate nucleus
what surrounds the primary visual cortex and interprets what was just seen?
association visual cortex (BA18, 19)
lesion in association visual cortex leads to?
prognosia (problems with facial recognition)
what cortex is deep in the lateral sulcus, extends from post-central gyrus in an area called insula?
taste cortex
name the two general association cortex (complex behaviour and functioning)
prefrontal cortex
parieto-temporal cortex
functions of prefrontal cortex?
Regulates moods and feelings
Involved in higher order cognitive functions
Conceptualisation, planning, judgement
lesions –> impulsive behaviour
functions of parieto-temporal cortex?
Integrates information of different modalities
Involved in memory
what connects Wernicke’s (22) and Broca’s (44, 45)?
Arcuate fasciculus
conduction aphasia?
Impaired repetition
Comprehension and fluency intact
Broca’s aphasia?
Inability to correctly articulate speech
Will understand, would know what to say (can write it down), but can’t articulate
Wernicke’s aphasia?
Inability to understand language
Speak fluently, but don’t make sense
