7: Settings for Development - Home, School, and Community Flashcards
Charles Spearman’s term for a general intelligence factor that he believed underlies all cognitive activities (measures overall “smartness”)
g
label for significantly impaired cognitive functioning, measured by deficits in behavior and an IQ of 70 or below
intellectual disability
facet of intelligence involved in producing novel ideas and solutions, innovative work
creative intelligence
basic criterion for measuring a test’s accuracy, meaning scores must be fairly similar when a person takes the same test more than once
reliability
remarkable rise in IQ scores globally over the twentieth century, due to wider education and more school years
Flynn effect
communities defined by strong cohesion, commitment to neighbor-to-neighbor helping, and shared prosocial values among residents
collective efficacy
according to Robert Sternberg, the optimal form of cognition, which involves striking a balance between analytic, creative, and practical intelligence
successful intelligence
use of physical force to discipline a child (spanking)
corporal punishment
current standard intelligence test used in childhood, covering five basic areas in detail
WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)
drive to act based on getting external reinforcers such as praise, money, good grades, etc.
extrinsic motivation
children who rebound from serious early life traumas to construct successful adult lives
resilient children
ideal parenting style, when parents provide ample love and family rules, believing in structure yet not letting it take precedence over their children’s human needs
authoritative parenting
when divorced parents bad-mouth their former spouse with the goal of turning a child against them
parental alienation
actions by parents that seriously endanger a child’s physical or emotional wellbeing (physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse)
child maltreatment
measures evaluating a child’s knowledge in specific school-related areas/subjects
achievement tests
currently preferred legal arrangement of having divorced spouses share child-rearing 50/50, or each parent having full access to seeing their children after a divorce
joint custody
label for difficulties related to language, listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or understanding mathematics
specific learning disorder
love-based parenting style involving lots of affection with total freedom, little to no rules
permissive parenting
learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties, lack of fluency, and poor word recognition - often genetic in origin
dyslexia
label for superior intellectual functioning with an IQ of 130 or above - child ranks in top 2% of age group
gifted
worst parenting style, when parents deprive children of love and structure, emotionally abandoning them and leaving them to raise themselves
rejecting-neglecting parenting
tendency among immigrants to become similar to mainstream culture after time spent living in a new society
acculturation
structure-based parenting style involving many strict, inflexible rules and less expression of love
authoritarian parenting
Howard Gardner’s perspective that there are 8 separate kinds of intelligence - verbal, mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist (+ spiritual as a possible 9th)
multiple intelligences theory
basic criterion for measuring a test’s accuracy, meaning that the measure reflects the real-world quality it is supposed to measure
validity
measures evaluating a child’s overall cognitive ability and aptitude for academics / academic “potential”
intelligence quotient (IQ) tests
how parents align on the love and discipline of their child
parenting style
self-generated drive to act based on the pleasure of taking that action in itself, not for an external reinforcer or reward
intrinsic motivation
facet of intelligence involved in knowing how to act competently in real-world situations (“street smarts”)
practical intelligence
facet of intelligence involved in performing well in solving academic problems
analytic intelligence
