7: Settings for Development - Home, School, and Community

Question 1

Charles Spearman’s term for a general intelligence factor that he believed underlies all cognitive activities (measures overall “smartness”)

Answer 1

g

Question 2

label for significantly impaired cognitive functioning, measured by deficits in behavior and an IQ of 70 or below

Answer 2

intellectual disability

Question 3

facet of intelligence involved in producing novel ideas and solutions, innovative work

Answer 3

creative intelligence

Question 4

basic criterion for measuring a test’s accuracy, meaning scores must be fairly similar when a person takes the same test more than once

Answer 4

reliability

Question 5

remarkable rise in IQ scores globally over the twentieth century, due to wider education and more school years

Answer 5

Flynn effect

Question 6

communities defined by strong cohesion, commitment to neighbor-to-neighbor helping, and shared prosocial values among residents

Answer 6

collective efficacy

Question 7

according to Robert Sternberg, the optimal form of cognition, which involves striking a balance between analytic, creative, and practical intelligence

Answer 7

successful intelligence

Question 8

use of physical force to discipline a child (spanking)

Answer 8

corporal punishment

Question 9

current standard intelligence test used in childhood, covering five basic areas in detail

Answer 9

WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)

Question 10

drive to act based on getting external reinforcers such as praise, money, good grades, etc.

Answer 10

extrinsic motivation

Question 11

children who rebound from serious early life traumas to construct successful adult lives

Answer 11

resilient children

Question 12

ideal parenting style, when parents provide ample love and family rules, believing in structure yet not letting it take precedence over their children’s human needs

Answer 12

authoritative parenting

Question 13

when divorced parents bad-mouth their former spouse with the goal of turning a child against them

Answer 13

parental alienation

Question 14

actions by parents that seriously endanger a child’s physical or emotional wellbeing (physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse)

Answer 14

child maltreatment

Question 15

measures evaluating a child’s knowledge in specific school-related areas/subjects

Answer 15

achievement tests

Question 16

currently preferred legal arrangement of having divorced spouses share child-rearing 50/50, or each parent having full access to seeing their children after a divorce

Answer 16

joint custody

Question 17

label for difficulties related to language, listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or understanding mathematics

Answer 17

specific learning disorder

Question 18

love-based parenting style involving lots of affection with total freedom, little to no rules

Answer 18

permissive parenting

Question 19

learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties, lack of fluency, and poor word recognition - often genetic in origin

Answer 19

dyslexia

Question 20

label for superior intellectual functioning with an IQ of 130 or above - child ranks in top 2% of age group

Answer 20

gifted

Question 21

worst parenting style, when parents deprive children of love and structure, emotionally abandoning them and leaving them to raise themselves

Answer 21

rejecting-neglecting parenting

Question 22

tendency among immigrants to become similar to mainstream culture after time spent living in a new society

Answer 22

acculturation

Question 23

structure-based parenting style involving many strict, inflexible rules and less expression of love

Answer 23

authoritarian parenting

Question 24

Howard Gardner’s perspective that there are 8 separate kinds of intelligence - verbal, mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist (+ spiritual as a possible 9th)

Answer 24

multiple intelligences theory

Question 25

basic criterion for measuring a test’s accuracy, meaning that the measure reflects the real-world quality it is supposed to measure

Answer 25

validity

Question 26

measures evaluating a child’s overall cognitive ability and aptitude for academics / academic “potential”

Answer 26

intelligence quotient (IQ) tests

Question 27

how parents align on the love and discipline of their child

Answer 27

parenting style

Question 28

self-generated drive to act based on the pleasure of taking that action in itself, not for an external reinforcer or reward

Answer 28

intrinsic motivation

Question 29

facet of intelligence involved in knowing how to act competently in real-world situations (“street smarts”)

Answer 29

practical intelligence

Question 30

facet of intelligence involved in performing well in solving academic problems

Answer 30

analytic intelligence