4: Emotional and Social Development in Infants and Toddlers Flashcards
the powerful bond of love between a caregiver and child
attachment
U.S. federal program that provides counseling and other services to low-income parents and children under age 3
Early Head Start
an infant’s first real smile, occurring at about 2 months of age - automatic reflex that doesn’t show true attachment
social smile
when a baby gets upset as a primary caregiver leaves the room
separation anxiety
when a baby grows wary of people other than a caregiver, getting agitated when an unfamiliar person picks them up
stranger anxiety
ideal parenting strategy that involves arranging children’s environments to suit their temperaments, minimize their vulnerabilities, and accentuate their strengths
goodness of fit
insecure attachment style characterized by a child’s indifference to being reunited with a primary caregiver after separation
avoidant attachment
a person’s characteristic, inborn style of dealing with the world
temperament
a baby’s monitoring of a caregiver for cues as to how to behave
social referencing
mental representation of a caregiver that enables children over age 3 to be physically apart from the caregiver
working model
an ineffective socialization strategy that involves yelling, screaming, or hitting a child
power assertion
term describing how the intensity of a child’s deprivation/neglect determines the degree of its lifelong impact on them
dose-response effect
Bowlby’s first phase of attachment - first three months of life when infants show no visible signs of attachment
preattachment phase
Erikson’s second psychosocial task, when toddlers confront the challenge of understanding that they are separate individuals
autonomy
insecure attachment style characterized by a child’s bizarre behavior, such as looking frightened or freezing in place, when reunited with a primary caregiver after separation
disorganized attachment
acting to maintain physical contact or be close to an attachment figure - can activate at any age
proximity-seeking behavior
deviation from typically joyful child response of being ruined with a primary caregiver, signaling problems in the caregiver-child relationship
insecure attachment
less academically oriented group programs serving young children (infants/toddlers)
day care
how children are taught to behave in socially appropriate ways
socialization
reciprocal aspect of the attachment relationship, with a caregiver and infant responding emotionally to each other in a sensitive, attuned way
synchrony
U.S. federal program offering high-quality day care and other services to help preschoolers (3-5 years old) from low-income families prepare for school
Head Start
ideal attachment response when a child responds with joy at being reunited with a primary caregiver
secure attachment
day care arrangement in which a large number of children are cared for at a licensed facility by paid providers
day care center
day care arrangement in which a neighbor or relative cares for a small number of children in his or her home for a fee
family day care
insecure attachment style characterized by a child’s intense, inconsolable distress when reunited with a primary caregiver after separation
anxious-ambivalent attachment
the closest person in a child’s or an adult’s life
primary attachment figure
Bowlby’s third phase of attachment - 7 months through toddlerhood, when infants need to have a primary caregiver nearby
clear-cut (focused) attachment
ideal parenting strategy involving empathetically responding to and labeling a young child’s feelings, even when reprimanding them
mind-mindedness
feelings of pride, shame, or guilt, which first emerge around age 2 and demonstrate the capacity to reflect on the self
self-conscious emotions
a teaching-oriented group setting for children aged 3 to 5
preschool
Bowlby’s second phase of attachment - 4-7 months of age, when babies begin to slightly prefer their primary caregiver
attachment in the making
procedure to measure attachment at age 1, involving separations and reunions with a caregiver
Strange Situation
important transitional stage after babyhood, from roughly age 1 to 2 ½
toddlerhood
