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[Developmental Psychology] > 1: The People and the Field > Flashcards

1: The People and the Field Flashcards

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1
Q

the principle that our genetic temperamental tendencies cause us to choose to put ourselves into specific environments

A

active forces

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2
Q

nations defined by their wealth, or high median incomes - better education, life expectancy

A

developed world

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3
Q

societies that prize social harmony, obedience, close family relationships over individual achievement

A

collectivist cultures

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4
Q

a measurement strategy that involves directly watching and coding behaviors

A

naturalistic observations

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5
Q

original behavioral worldview that focused only on “objective”, observable behaviors

A

traditional behaviorism

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6
Q

father of child development who created cognitive developmental theory

A

Jean Piaget

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7
Q

the biological limit of human life (about age 105)

A

maximum lifespan

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8
Q

in Erik Erikson’s theory, each challenge that we face as we travel through the eight stages of the lifespan

A

Erikson’s psychosocial tasks

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9
Q

the extent to which the environment is tailored to our biological tendencies and talents

A

person-environment fit

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10
Q

behavioral genetic research strategy, compares identical twin pairs adopted into different families

A

twin/adoption study

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11
Q

psychological perspective emphasizing inborn, species-specific biological forces and behaviors (nature)

A

evolutionary psychology

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12
Q

large age group born between 1946-1964, at the center of radical transformations in society

A

baby boom cohort

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13
Q

John Bowlby’s theory that being closely connected to a caregiver in childhood and attached to a significant other later in life is crucial to human survival

A

attachment theory

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14
Q

the most impoverished nations of the world - less education, lower life expectancy

A

developing world

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15
Q

changing our thinking to fit input from the wider world (Piaget)

A

accommodation

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16
Q

the scientific study of the aging process and older adults

A

gerontology

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17
Q

a measurement that asks people to report on their feelings and activities through questionnaires

A

self-report strategy

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18
Q

communicable illnesses that are carried by microbes - highly contagious, appear quickly, either abate or cause death

A

infectious diseases

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19
Q

Jean Piaget’s principle that, from infancy to adolescence, children progress through four qualitatively different stages of intellectual growth

A

cognitive developmental theory

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20
Q

research field exploring how early life events alter the outer cover of our DNA, producing lifelong changes in health and behavior

A

epigenetics

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21
Q

the gap between the rich and the poor in a nation; very few affluent residents and a mass of disadvantaged citizens

A

income inequality

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22
Q

the principle that people affect one another, or that interpersonal influences flow in both directions

A

bidirectionality

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23
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the first step promoting mental growth, involving fitting environmental input to our existing mental capacities

A

assimilation

24
Q

research technique involving collapsing the results of every study on an important topic into one overall measure, to prove that a finding is generally true of all people

A

meta-analysis

25
Q

unpredictable or atypical life changes that occur during development (losing a loved one)

A

non-normative transitions

26
Q

behavioral term for rewarding behavior

A

reinforcement

27
Q

a research strategy that involves relating two or more variables

A

correlational study

28
Q

people in their eighties and beyond who are more likely to have physical and mental disabilities

A

old-old

29
Q

predictable life changes that occur during development (becoming a parent, beginning college)

A

normative transitions

30
Q

field devoted to scientifically determining the role hereditary forces play in determining individual differences in behavior

A

behavioral genetics

31
Q

a person’s 50/50 chance at birth of living to a given age

A

average life expectancy

32
Q

learning by watching and imitating others

A

modeling

33
Q

AKA social learning theory - behavioral perspective emphasizing that people learn by watching others and our thoughts about the reinforcers determine our behavior - started by Albert Bandura

A

cognitive behaviorism

34
Q

the scientific study of human development throughout all of life

A

lifespan development

35
Q

the phase of life that begins after high school, lasts through the late twenties and is devoted to constructing an adult life

A

emerging adulthood

36
Q

developmental research strategy that involves testing the same age group repeatedly over many years

A

longitudinal study

37
Q

rising in social class / economic status from that of your parents/childhood

A

upward mobility

38
Q

the dramatic increase in average life expectancy that occurred in affluent nations during the first half of the 20th century

A

twentieth-century life expectancy revolution

39
Q

the only research method that can determine real causation; involves randomly assigning people to different treatments and examining the outcome

A

true experiment

40
Q

behavioral genetic research strategy, compares identical twins with fraternal twins (or other people)

A

twin study

41
Q

pioneering scientist who established first U.S. institute for researching child development

A

G. Stanley Hall

42
Q

people in their sixties and seventies who remain relatively healthy, stable

A

young-old

43
Q

developmental research strategy involving testing different age groups at the same time

A

cross-sectional study

44
Q

our birth group / age group with whom we travel through life

A

cohort

45
Q

the scientific study of adult life

A

adult development

46
Q

fatal illnesses (heart disease, cancer) tied to the aging process itself

A

chronic diseases

47
Q

behavioral genetic research strategy, compares adopted children with their biological and adoptive parents

A

adoption study

48
Q

the principle that our inborn talents and temperamental tendencies produce certain responses from the world

A

evocative forces

49
Q

societies that prize independence, competition and personal success

A

individualistic cultures

50
Q

an all-encompassing outlook on development that embraces variety of approaches, reality that many influences affect development

A

developmental systems approach

51
Q

broad general influences (cohort, culture, status, gender) that shape our development throughout the lifespan

A

contexts of development

52
Q

father of lifespan development who defined psychosocial stages and emphasized emotional growth throughout life

A

Erik Erikson

53
Q

researchers and practitioners whose professional interest lies in studying the human lifespan

A

developmentalists (developmental scientists)

54
Q

our belief in our own competence and ability to be successful - predicts our goals, whether we initiate activities, persist past failures

A

self-efficacy

55
Q

the scientific study of human development from birth through adolescence

A

child development

56
Q

according to traditional behaviorists, the law of learning that determines any voluntary action/response

A

operant conditioning

[Developmental Psychology] (15 decks)

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