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PILS > 7. Rhythm recognition > Flashcards

7. Rhythm recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of acquired cardiac disease

A

cardiomyopathy
myocarditis
pericarditis

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2
Q

What is the average heart rate up to 3 months of age

A

140bpm

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3
Q

What is the average heart rate up to 2 years

A

130bpm

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4
Q

What is the average heart rate up to 10 years

A

80 bpm

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5
Q

What is the average heart rate over 10 years

A

75 bpm

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6
Q

What does the PR interval represent

A

Time taken for electrical impulse to travel from SA node, through atria, through the SA node, down the purkinje fibres and to the ventricles

Should be 3-5 small squares

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7
Q

What does P wave represent

A

atrial depolarisation

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8
Q

What does QRS complex represent

A

Ventricular depolarisation
Should be <3 small squares

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9
Q

What 4 factors must be considered to manage a cardiac arrhythmia?

A
  1. Presence / absence of circulation (a pulse)
  2. Clinical status (haemodynamically stable or unstable)
  3. Heart rate (brady or tachy)
  4. Width of QRS (narrow or broad)
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10
Q

What heart rate defines bradycardia in an infant (<1 year)

A

HR <80

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11
Q

What heart rate defines bradycardia in a child (>1 year)

A

HR <60

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12
Q

What is the commonest cardiorespiratory arrest arrhythmia in paediatrics?

A

asystole

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13
Q

What heart rate defines tachycardia in an infant (<1 year)

A

> 180bpm

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14
Q

What heart rate defines tachycardia in a child (>1 year)

A

> 160bpm

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15
Q

What are the commonest causes of bradycardia in children and infants

A

Hypoxia
Vagal stimulation

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16
Q

What are the 3 common tachycardia rhythms in children?

A

Sinus tachycardia
The two tachyARRHYTHMIAS:
- SVT
- VT

17
Q

List causes of sinus tachy

A

Fever
Pain
Airway obstruction
Hypovolaemia
Anaphylaxis
Drugs
Seizures

18
Q

What are the two tachycardias with narrow QRS complexes?

A

ST
SVT

19
Q

How can you differentiate SVT from sinus tachy

A

Generally faster heart rates >220 infant / >180 child
abrupt onset
no preceding Hx
P waves absent

20
Q

What is the most common primary cardiac arrhythmia in children?

A

SVT

21
Q

To try and treat SVT in children, how are vagal manouevres performed?

A

soak a flannel in ice cold water and place briefly over the face
valsalva manouevre by blowing through an occluded drinking straw in co-operative children

PILS (11 decks)

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